Study On Quality Grade Standard Of American Ginseng

American ginseng is the dry root of Panax quinquefolius,a plant of the family Araliaceae.It is originated from the United States and Canada.It is also known as Citi Ginseng,Wild Mountain Ginseng and Guangdong Ginseng.A large scale has been introduced to China since 1975,after more than 30 years of development,it has become one of the three major producers of American ginseng in the world.American ginseng has the effect of nourishing Yin,clearing heat and promoting Jin.It can be used for Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency,dry mouth and tongue,cough,asthma,phlegm and blood,diabetes,internal heat,etc.It can improve immunity,protect cardiovascular system and enhance central nervous system function.American ginseng is a large variety of traditional Chinese medicines in Changbai Mountain of Jilin Province.Its output and sales are large,it has become a pillar industry in the main producing areas with good prospects for development.The current standard of American ginseng is the first edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2015）.In the standard,the items of character,examination,identification and content determination are formulated,with the discrimination of authenticity as the main criterion.In the present grading standard,American ginseng is mainly divided on the basis of the appearance and size of medicinal materials,which can not be clearly and scientifically judged.Therefore,it is a new direction for the study of modern Chinese medicine to construct the quality grade standard of American ginseng based on the core of quality and safety from appearance to internal components.A total of 195 batches of American ginseng samples were collected from Changbai,Fusong,Jingyu,Ji’an of Jilin,Shandong,Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces.The contents,extracts,TLC identification,specific chromatograms,moisture,ash,heavy metals and harmful elements of American ginseng were studied.The specific results were as follows:1.The sum of seven ginsenosides varied greatly,ranging from 1.14%to 5.53%.Among them,the sum of seven ginsenosides of American ginseng was higher in Changbai of Jilin,Liaoning,Wendeng of Shandong Province.By comparing seven ginsenosides（Rg₁,Re,Rb₁,Rc,Rb₂,Rb₃,Rd）and seven Ginsenosides with the same growth years,origin and weight,it was found that the total content of seven ginsenosides was related to the origin,the content of ginsenoside Rb1 was positively correlated with the growth years,and the content of ginsenoside Rc was negatively correlated with the growth years.2.The results of the extracts varied greatly,ranging from 11.06%to 57.61%,and33 batches of samples did not meet the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia.Comparing the extracts with the growth years,origin and weight,it was found that with the increase of growth years,the extracts increased,and the content of the extracts in the main producing areas was higher than that in other producing areas.3.The results of moisture and ash are in accordance with the provisions of Pharmacopoeia.The potential safety hazards of heavy metals and harmful elements residues are relatively low.Five batches do not meet the Pharmacopoeia limits.In order to ensure the safety of medication of Panax quinquefolium,it is necessary to examine heavy metals and harmful elements.Regularity results for data analysis and statistical analysis,comprehensive consideration,choose the strong correlation index,using the method of quality weight-paper work,the American ginseng index scores,according to the total score is divided into four grades,on the basis of the traditional classification of American ginseng in accordance with the appearance of size,increase the internal indicators（extract,ginseng saponin Rb₁,Rc content,the sum of 7 kinds of ginseng saponin content,ash content）to carry on the classification,score result is:the first score range:not less than595;Second-class score range:495⁵94;Third-class score range:495⁴94;Fourth-classscore range:295³94.There were 122 batches of American ginseng that met the grade score,and 56 batches of American ginseng that did not,with a qualified rate of 69%On the basis of meeting the standard of American ginseng published in Chinese pharmacopoeia（2015）,this paper classifies panax quinquefolium by quality weight-grading system,and comprehensively evaluates the quality of American ginseng based on the relationship between appearance and internal components,and established a draft quality grade standard of American ginseng to provide reference for the construction of a more perfect and reasonable quality grade standard of American ginseng.