The Isolation Of Chemical Components Of Platycodonis Radix,Comparison Of Components Before And After Steaming And Protective Effect Of PGS Against Scrotal Heat Stress-induced Injury

Platycodonis Radix（the root of Platycodon grandiflorum（Jacq）A.DC,family Cam panulaceae）,one of the most well-known traditional Chinese medicine,has been widely used as both medicine and food.Platycodonis Radix（PR）was first recorded in the seco nd part of Shennong Bencaojing,which has the effect of Xuanfei,phlegm,pharynx and drainage with bitter,acrid and flat in lung meridian.Modern pharmacological studies hav e proved that PR has various pharmacological activities such as anti-hyperglycemic,anti-tumor,anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects.China is rich in PR natural resources an d has been widely cultivated in several regions.In order to deeply explore its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities,the preliminary analysis were conducted in ou r study.The effective compositions of PR were purified by conventional separation meth ods.The changes of composition and toxicity after steaming were also investigated.In a ddition,we also preliminarily researched the protective effect of Platycodon grandiflorum saponins（PGS）on scrotal heat stress（HS）-induced damage in the mice testis.12 individual compounds were isolated purified from PR by using a combination of conventional chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography.1unknown compounds and 11 known compounds were identified by LC-MS/MS,¹H-NM R,and ¹³C-NMR.The new compounds were named Jiegengnoside X The known compo unds are platycoside N,platycoside E,deapio-platycodin D₃,platycodin D₃,deapio-plat ycodin D₂,deapio-platycodin D,platycodin D₂,platycodin D,polygalacin D,platycosi de F,platycoside J.The earliest recorded use of processing methods of PR in the Handbook of Prescrip tions for Emergency in Jin Dynasty by Ge Hong.Steaming is an important method in t he processing of traditional Chinese medicine.After high-temperature and high-pressure s teaming,PR had obvious browning reaction accompanied by the unique aroma of the M aillard reaction,which made the bitter and piquancy more peaceful and sweet.Besides,t he high-temperature heating sterilized PR was more conducive to preservation.After stea ming,the toxicity of PR was weakened.The changes of chemical compositions after ste aming were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The results sh owed that the amino acids,reducing sugars,polyacetylenes,platycodin D,and other vari ous kinds of saponins have variable changes in steamed PR.In recent years,about 20%couples worldwide currently suffer from infertility.Of al l infertility cases,approximately half is due to male infertility,which would result in an important public health problem.A large number of reports have reported that ginseng has obvious curative effect on infertility induced by asthenospermia,and PR has signific ant effect to prostatic hyperplasia.We wondered whether PR is similar to ginseng has th e effects on renal or bladder meridians.Therefore,a preliminary study on the protective effect of total saponins of PR against scrotal heat stress was carried out.The results in dicated that PGS had a significant protective effect on heat stress-induced testicular dysf unction by inhibiting oxidative stress-related apoptosis at least partially by regulating mit ogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK）signaling pathway.In conclusion,we have isolated 11 monomer compounds,including a new type of p entacyclic triterpene.Besides,the steamed PR was more acceptable in taste,and the con tent of active ingredients such as saponins were improved,while the toxicity was weake ned.Furthermore,for the first time,PGS in the investigation of heat stress-induced testi cular dysfunction had a significant protective effect.