Sleep Deficiency Of Children And Adolescents And The Relationship Between It And Other Lifestyles

ObjectiveChildhood is a critical period of growth and development.Sleep deficiency can have adverse effects on the physical development,blood pressure,vision,cognitive function of children and adolescents.In this paper,the first part is that the meta analysis of incidence of sleep deficiency in children and adolescents around the world,the second part is that the survey analysis of child and adolescent sleep time and lifestyle in Tianjin.We can understand the status of sleep deprivation in children and adolescents in our country,to explore the relationship between sleep deficiency and lifestyle.Understanding the importance of lifestyle on sleep time in children and adolescents,it helps us to identifying risk factors of sleep related disorders of children and adolescents.This provides the basis for the development of effective sleep health strategies and measures in the future,to provide ideas for the development of effective sleep intervention programs.Methods1.Published epidemiological studies on sleep insufficiencies among children and adolescents were identified manually and online using PubMed,Embase,and the Web of Science databases in global 2000~2015.Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed,and Stata12.0 was used to analyze the data.2.The sample consisted of 9926 children aged 6~18 years.The children were randomly selected from 13 schools which 1~6 grade students of elementary school,Grade 7 and 8 students of junior high school,Grade 10~11 students of senior high school in Baodi District and Hedong District of Tianjin.Multiple stage cluster sampling method was used to survey urban and rural primary and middle school students’ risk factors of health problems and development index.Using Epidata3.0 for data double entry correction,we used SPSS17.0 statistical software to statistical analysis of data.Adjusted for age,gender,nationality,place of residence,body mass index,waist and hip circumference,we performed logistic regression analysis for the effects of lifestyle on sleep duration.ResultsThirty-one studies were extracted from the systematic analysis with a total sample size of 338119.The results showed that the worldwide incidence of sleep deficiency in children and adolescents was 58.1%(95%CI: 50.5%~65.7%)between 2000 and 2015.Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of sleep deficiency of male and female were 51.3%(95%CI:44.4%~58.2%),52.9%(95%CI:45.7%~60.1%),respectively;the incidence of sleep deficiency that study of by parents reported sleep time was the lowest(48.6%);the incidence of sleep deficiency of children and adolescents in developed countries is higher than that of the developing countries(63.9%vs51.1%);the incidence of sleep deficiency that study of samples from school was the highest(59.6%);There were significant differences in gender,age,method,publication year,latitude,sample source,country’s economic level and geographic location(P<0.05).Meta regression analysis revealed that the economic level can explain the heterogeneity of the source.2.Effective questionnaires were returned to 9831,and the qualified rate was 99.0%(6678 for children and 3153 for adolescents).The rate of overweight and obesity in children was 33.2%(38.3% for boys and 27.7% for girls).The rate of overweight and obesity for adolescents was 27.2%(31.7% for boys and 22.5% for girls).The incidence of sleep deficiency of students was 18.9%(7.9% of children,42.3% of adolescents).There was no gender difference in the incidence of sleep deficiency among in children.The incidence of sleep deficiency of females was higher than male(49.0%vs35.4%)in adolescents(P<0.05).The incidence of sleep deficiency in children and adolescents is different between urban and rural areas.Through the single factor and multi factor analysis showed that the risk factors for children’s sleep deficiency are excessive of daily sugar beverage consumption,increase of daily High level physical activity time,daily homework time and daily play electronic games time;however,the weekly breakfast times(more than 5 times)is a protective factor for sleep deficiency in children.The risk factors of sleep deficiency of adolescents were increase of daily homework time and the weekly intake high energy snack(more than 3 times);however,daily vegetables intake and increase of daily watching TV time are protective factors for sleep deficiency in adolescents.Conclusions1.The status that sleep deficiency of children and adolescents is not optimistic.The sleep health of children and adolescents is recommended as an important public health problem.2.The daily diet,physical activity and sedentary behavior in lifestyle have different degrees influence on sleep duration of children and adolescents in Tianjin.Publicity and education of sleep hygiene should be strengthened in school and family to cultivate good sleep hygiene habits of primary and middle school students,so as to prevent more effective chronic diseases and promote health.