| [Objective]1.Through a study on the visual screening of preschool children aged 3-6 years in Yixing in 2018,the prevalence of visual abnormalities and refractive abnormalities of preschool children aged 3-6 years in Yixing were investigated.2.Early detection of visual screening suspicions and abnormalities,looking for its related risk factors,timely correction and treatment.3.Improve the awareness of eye health care of kindergarten teachers,parents and children,so that the eye health development of preschool children can reach the expected health level,and provide reference for the health care departments in Yixing City to formulate corresponding intervention measures.[Method]1.Subjects: In 2018,there were 5516 preschool children aged 3-6 years in Yixing City,549 in newly-built towns and 716 in Qiting Town.2.Content of the survey: During the June 1 Physical examination,the child care physician carefully inspects and fills in the case check-up form on the spot,which includes the child’s name,sex,birth year,weight,height,weight evaluation,vision screening,refractive examination,and other abnormalities;at the same time,the questionnaire on visual screening of preschool children is issued,and the health care teacher is notified to issue it to parents seriously.Fill in and collect in time3.Visual acuity screening examination: Children’s visual acuity was screened by children’s visual screening instrument,refractive screening and naked visual acuity examination were carried out in combination with children’s graphic visual acuity table and international standard E-digit visual acuity table.Those with positive visual screening went to Yixing Ophthalmological Hospital for further specialist examination and treatment,and those with suspicions were reexamined after 3 months.4.Through descriptive study to get the results of naked vision test and refractive screening,eye time,sleep,nutrition and outdoor sports of preschool children participating in physical examination in Yixing City in 2018,and the number of people to be checked/the number of people to be checked.5.Univariate analysis was used to describe the correlation between children’s visual refraction and genetic factors,age,nutritional status,parents ’attention,exposure to electronic products,sleep time,outdoor sports and so on.6.Combining univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis,the main factors affecting children’s visual abnormalities in Yixing City were discussed.7.Based on the current situation and analysis results of children’s visual screening in Yixing city,the countermeasures and measures to improve the census data and carry out targeted health education were put forward.8.Data input and analysis: Unified coding of all data,using EXCEL to establish a database,double-entry proofreading,statistical analysis using SPSS 18.0 software,descriptive analysis of the composition ratio of the results of visual screening,comparison of counting data using test,use of unconditional logistic regression for visual screening factors of multiple factors analysis.[Results](1)Abnormal naked vision of preschool children in Yixing City in 2018 Through investigation and research,6779 people participated in the "61 Children’s Visual Examination" in Yixing City in 2018,and 6620 people were screened.Among them,1116 people were found to have abnormal vision,the abnormal rate was 16.86%.Among them,603 boys had abnormal vision and 17.15% boys had abnormal vision.513 girls had abnormal vision and 16.53% girls had abnormal vision.There was no significant difference between boys and girls in the detection rate of abnormal vision.The abnormal rate of vision of urban children was 18.06% and that of rural children was 11.70%.The difference was statistically significant compared with that of children living in rural areas;the visual abnormality rate in different age groups was 22.20% in the 3-year-old group;13.28% in the4-year-old group,19.91% in the 5-year-old group and 11.62% in the 6-year-old group;the difference was statistically significant.With the increasing age of preschool children,the detection rate of visual abnormality in children also showed a decreasing trend,with the highest visual abnormality in the 3-year-old group and the 6-year-old group The visual abnormality was the lowest,and the visual abnormality of the 5-year-old group showed a trend of rising again.(2)Anomalies of refraction in preschool children in Yixing City in 2018 Through investigation and research,6779 people participated in the "61 Children’s Visual Examination" in Yixing City in 2018,and 6620 people were screened.A total of 1757 children with refractive abnormalities were examined by refractive examination of preschool children in Yixing City.The detection rate of refractive abnormalities was 26.54%.Among them,3516 boys,941 children with refractive abnormalities,the detection rate of refractive abnormalities was 26.76%,3104 girls,816 children with refractive abnormalities,the detection rate of refractive abnormalities was 26.29%,the incidence rate of refractive abnormalities in boys and girls was not statistically significant;1548 children with refractive abnormalities lived in cities,the rate of refractive abnormalities was 28.82%,and 209 children with refractive abnormalities lived in rural areas,the rate of refractive abnormalities was 16.According to age,the rate of refractive abnormality in 3-year-old group was 26.59%,that in 4-year-old group was 24.17%,that in 5-year-old group was 28.10%,that in 6-year-old group was 27.50%.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of refractive abnormality among different age groups.The main type of refractive abnormality examined was hyperopia,followed by astigmatism,which accounted for 81.04%,15.25%,and myopia again.3.71%.With the increase of children’s age,the rate of hyperopia decreases,but the rate of myopia increases.(3)According to SPSS19.0,the factors affecting the visual impairment of preschool children in Yixing include gender,age,residence,genetic factors of parents,nutritional factors,the time of daily use of electronic products such as mobile phones and computers,outdoor activities and sleeping time of preschool children,parents’ visual protection awareness and parents’ cultural level.Among them,living in rural areas,parents with a high level of education,long outdoor activities,parents’ awareness of visual protection,long sleep time and good quality are protective factors.The genetic factors of parents,the use of computers,mobile phones and other electronic products,and the unbalanced nutritional choices were risk factors.[Conclusion]1.The prevalence of visual abnormalities of preschool children in Yixing City is increasing.The prevalence of visual abnormalities is more prominent and shows a rapid growth trend of younger age.2.Heredity,diet and nutrition,exposure time to electronic products,sleep,outdoor exercise time and visual abnormalities were the influencing factors.3.Living in the countryside,parents with high educational level,long outdoor activities,parents ’awareness of visual protection and good quality of sleep were protective factors.The genetic factors of parents,the use of computers,mobile phones and other electronic products,and the unbalanced nutritional choices were risk factors.4.The local health care departments in Yixing should pay attention to it.Preschool children are at a critical stage in preventing and protecting their eyesight.Health care departments at all levels should be able to regularly carry out visual screening for preschool children,early detection of children’s visual acuity and refractive abnormalities,early detection of early treatment for preschool children’s visual protection to track and timely protection in place,for Improving Preschool children’s visual acuity and preventing refractive errors are of positive significance.By studying and improving the related factors of children’s visual development,we can adopt diversified means of health protection,actively promote the visual protection of preschool children,and further promote the healthy and standardized development of preschool children’s visual acuity. |
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