Analysis On The Changes Of Risk Factors Of Cognitive Impairment In Communities Of Northern China

Background: Cognitive impairment is a different degree of cognitive decline caused by many different reasons.It is a chronic,progressive and multi-cause neurological disease.Cognitive impairment can be divided into light by different degrees of cognitive decline.Degree of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and dementia.MCI,also known as cognitive impairment without dementia,refers to the presence of memory impairment and/or mild other cognitive dysfunction,but the individual’s social function or daily living ability is not affected,and does not meet the diagnostic criteria of dementia.A clinical condition between normal aging and mild dementia.Dementia is a chronic progressive,severe cognitive dysfunction.As dementia progresses,the symptoms of memory or other cognitive impairments worsen,impairing a person’s ability to perform daily activities,ultimately leading to severe disability and death..With the aging of the global population,the prevalence of cognitive impairment is also rising.How to delay the progress of the disease and prevent and treat cognitive disorders has become a major problem faced by governments,medical workers and caregivers.Finding risk factors for cognitive impairment and giving appropriate treatment interventions at the MCI stage as soon as possible is of great significance for reducing the incidence of dementia and reducing social burden.Methods: The target population of this study was residents over 60 years old in the northern Chinese community of JiZhou District,Tianjin.The age,gender,education level,height,weight,and past medical history of the target population(high blood pressure,stroke,heart disease,diabetes,etc.)were recorded.Basic information such as smoking history,drinking history,etc.,and a MMSE test for cognitive function,and an activity of living ability scale(ADL)for assessing daily living ability.Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical package.The χ2 analysis was used to compare the changes of risk factors between the two years.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the age,gender,education,height,weight,and past history(hypertension,stroke,heart disease,diabetes)of patients with dementia and MCI.An independent association between the history of smoking and the history of drinking.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 31.1% in 2011(MCI 23.4%,dementia 7.7%),and the prevalence of CI in 2015 was 35.8%(MCI 27.3%,dementia 8.5%).In 2015,suspicious risk factors or protective factors such as gender,age,education level,hypertension,cerebrovascular disease,heart disease,diabetes,obesity,smoking,and drinking were significantly different from those in the 2011 cohort(P<0.05).Female(B=0.461;P<0.001),advanced age(B=0.873;P<0.001),cerebrovascular disease(B=0.695;P<0.001),heart disease(B=0.292;P<0.001),smoking(B=0.146;P<0.05)was positively correlated with MCI prevalence,while education(B=-0.790;P<0.001),drinking(B=-0.231;P<0.01)was negatively correlated with MCI prevalence.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MCI between hypertension,diabetes and obesity(P>0.05).Female(B=0.390;P<0.001),age(B=1.398;P<0.001),cerebrovascular disease(B=1.676;P<0.001),heart disease(B=0.339;P<0.05)and dementia The incidence was positively correlated,while the educational level(B=-0.943;P<0.001),drinking(B=-0.433;P<0.01)was negatively correlated with the prevalence of dementia,hypertension,diabetes,obesity,smoking for dementia The effect of the disease rate was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion: With the aging of the population,the prevalence of cognitive impairment in China is increasing year by year.The increase of prevalence may be related to the social population factors such as age and gender caused by the passage of time,lifestyle changes of people such as smoking and drinking.And the occurrence of vascular risk factors such as heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.