Expression And Clinical Significance Of TGFBR1, TGFBR2 And SMAD3 In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive system.Our country is a high incidence area of esophageal cancer,and the new cases each year account for more than half of the esophageal cancer,the incidence of esophageal cancer has very obvious regional differences.About 80% of esophageal cancer patients in China occur in Taihang Mountains,including Cixian,Shixian,Wuan and Linzhou in Henan Province.The pathological types of esophageal cancer are mainly squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Most of the esophageal cancers in China are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Although the level of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer has been significantly improved,but the majority patients with esophageal cancer at the time of treatment is already in the advanced stage,after clinical surgery and other means of treatment,esophageal cancer five-year survival rate is less than 30%.Therefore,it is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,to find potential biomarkers with clinical value,and to provide new targets and new ideas for the treatment of ESCC.The expression of TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(primary lesion tissue),adjacent tissues(3-5cm from cancer tissue)and normal esophageal mucosa(normal esophageal mucosa >5cm from cancer lesion)was detected by immunohistochemical method.The expression and clinical significance were evaluated.The relationship between the stages of esophageal cancer provides a reference for further study of the mechanism of the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer,and provides clinical indicators for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.Method:1.The expression of TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 Protein were detected by using immunohistochemical technique(SP)assay in 52 cases of ESCC tumor tissues,adjacent tissues tissue and normal tissues.2.Laboratory data were analysed statistically together with the related clinical and pathological data.Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS22.0 software.Result:1.Expression of TGFBR1 and relation with clinical parameterImmunohistochemical SP method was used to measure the expression of TGFBR1 in 52 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissue and normal tissues.The Positive expression rate of TGFBR1 protein was 26.92%(14/52),78.85%(41/52)and 96.15%(50/52),The expression of TGFBR1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues and normal tissues(P<0.01),and the expression of TGFBR1 in adjacent tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues(P<0.01).TGFBR1 Protein expression in high differentiation group(53.33%,8/15)was significantly higher than that in moderately differentiated group and poor differentiation group(16.22%,6/37)(P<0.01).Protein expression of TGFBR1 was not associated with age,gender lymph node metastasis and stage in ESCC(P>0.05).2.Expression of TGFBR2 and relation with clinical ParameterImmunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of TGFBR2 protein in 52 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues,adjacent cancer tissues and normal tissues,the positive expression rate of TGFBR2 protein were 32.69%(17/52),88.46%(46/52)and 100.00%(52/52)respectively.The expression of TGFBR2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues and normal tissues(P<0.01),and the expression of TGFBR2 in adjacent tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues(P<0.01).TGFBR2 Protein expression in high differentiation group(60.00%,9/15)was significantly higher than that in moderately differentiated group and poor differentiation group(21.62%,8/37)(P<0.01).Protein expression of TGFBR1 was not associated with age,gender,lymph node metastasis and stage in ESCC(P>0.05).3.Expression of SMAD3 and relation with clinical parameterImmunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of SMAD3 protein in 52 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues,adjacent cancer tissues and normal tissues,the positive expression rate of SMAD3 protein were 26.92%(14/52),76.92%(40/52)and 88.64%(46/52)respectively.The expression of SMAD3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues and normal tissues(P<0.01),and the expression of SMAD3 in adjacent tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues(P<0.01).The expression of SMAD3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was not correlated with age,gender,lymph node metastasis,histological grade and stage(P > 0.05).4.The relationship between TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 protein expressionThe expression of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 protein was positively correlated(r=0.779,P<0.05),the expression of TGFBR1 and SMAD3 protein was positively correlated(r=0.805,P<0.05),and the expression of TGFBR2 and SMAD3 protein was positively correlated(r=0.686,P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The low expression of TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma suggests that the low expression of TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 may be related to the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.2.The low expression of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is related to the histological differentiation,suggesting that they may participate in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.3.The expression of TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 was correlated,suggesting that TGFBR1,TGFBR2 and SMAD3 were involved in the pathogenesis,development,invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.