The Prevalence And Related Factors Of Self-harm Behaviors Among Middle School Students In A Country

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of self-injury behaviors among middle school students in four schools in Jinzhai County,Lu’an City,and to analyze the influencing factors of the students’self-injury behaviors,so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing self-injury behaviors of middle school students.Methods:The subjects selecte four junior high school students in Jinzhai County of Liuan City as the object of investigation,conduct a questionnaire survey.The content of the questionnaire is mainly the basic demographics of middle school students,the occurrence of self-injury behavior,the parenting style,and the experience of negative life events,and so on.The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 18.0.Results:A total of 2,349 middle school students were surveyed in this study,among them,650 people（27.67%）suffered from self-injury behavior three times or more.1.General demographic characteristics and the reporting rate of self-injury behavior of middle school students:1)Age:The age group of the survey was 11 to 22 years old.The proportion of students in 14-16-year-old age group was the highest among the population with self-injury behavior,and there was a difference in the occurrence of self-injury behavior among different age groups（P<0.05）.2)Gender:A total of 2349middle school students were investigated,including 1408 boys（59.94%）and 941 girls（40.06%）.The reporting rate of self-injury in female was higher than that in male in the behavior of self-injury caused by tissue injury,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=8.462,P=0.004;χ²=4.025,P=0.045）;In the potentially harmful self-injury behavior,the reporting rate of male self-injury behavior was higher than that of female self-injury behavior,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=10.439,P=0.001）.3)Only child:In this survey,there were 1858（79.10%）of non-only child and 491（20.90%）of the one-child.There was no difference in the reporting rate of self-injury behavior between only-child and non-only-child in general and in all dimensions（P>0.05）.4)Place of birth:In the total self-injury behavior,the reporting rate of self-injury behavior of middle school students in county and town area was higher than that in rural area,the difference was statistically significant（χ²=4.260,P=0.039）,but the reporting rate of self-injury in each dimension had no difference（P>0.05）.5)Arental education level:The parental education level is the highest in junior high school,with 1231（52.41%）and 1239（52.74%）;In terms of father,On the father side,in five different types of behavior（leading to high mortality,tissue damage,no visible injury to the naked eye,potential harm,psychological injury）and overall behavior,There was a significant difference in the occurrence of self-injury behavior among middle school students with different father education levelsχ²=56.557,P<0.001;χ²=25.631,P<0.001;χ²=14.920,P=0.005;χ²=10.618,P=0.031;χ²=13.236,P=0.010;χ²=12.200,P=0.016).In terms of mather,there was a significant difference in the incidence of self-injury behavior among high-lethal self-injury behaviors among middle school students with different mothersundefined educational level（P=0.004^*）.6)Parental occupation:The father’s occupation is the most freelance,with 629 people,accounting for 26.78%.The difference of fatherundefineds occupation was the influential factor of high-lethal self-injury behavior of middle school students（P=0.009^*）;There are 580 mothers in the profession,accounting for 24.69%.There was no difference in the overall self-injury behavior and the reporting rate of self-injury in all dimensions among middle school students in different mothersundefined occupation（P>0.05）.7)Family type:here were 1,426（60.71%）of the respondents from the nuclear family,719（30.61%）of the extended family,108（4.60%）of the single-parent family,and 96（4.09%）of the restructured family.There were significant differences in high fatal,tissue injury and self-injury behavior among middle school students with different family types（χ²=19.830,P<0.001;χ²=12.618,P=0.006;χ²=10.484,P=0.015）.8)Primary caregivers:The majority of the middle school students surveyed were mainly cared for by their parents,with 1,901（80.93%）.There are differences in high fatality,tissue damage,no visible injury to the naked eye,psychological injury and overall self-injury behavior among different middle school students of the main caregivers in high fatality,resulting in tissue damage,no visible injury to the naked eye,psychological injury and overall self-injury behavior（P<0.001^*;χ²=15.832,P=0.004;χ²=13.342,P=0.011）.2.Relationship with parents and self-injury behavior of middle school students:Among the five different types of self-injury behaviors（resulting in high mortality,tissue injury,no visible injury to the naked eye,potential harm,psychological injury）and the overall self-injury behavior,there were differences in the occurrence of self-injury behaviors among middle school students with different relationships with their parents.And the differences are statistically significant（father term:χ²=53.021,P<0.001;χ²=88.128,P<0.001;χ²=40.091,P<0.001;χ²=47.350,P<0.001;χ²=39.432,P<0.001;χ²=45.557,P<0.001;mother term:χ²=27.964,P<0.001;χ²=57.496,P<0.001;χ²=35.192,P<0.001;χ²=47.782,P<0.001;χ²=26.851,P<0.001;χ²=46.839,P<0.001）.3.Self-evaluation of academic achievement and self-injury behavior of middle school students:Among the five types of self-injury behavior and total self-injury behavior,the self-assessment grade of academic achievement was different and the occurrence of self-injury behavior was also different（χ²=9.118,P=0.013;χ²=7.432,P=0.024;χ²=7.494,P=0.023;χ²=13.732,P=0.001;χ²=22.791,P<0.001;χ²=20.115,P<0.001）.Moreover,the detection rate of middle school students with poor self-assessment was higher than that of middle school students with general self-assessment.4.Parental parenting style,youth life events and self-injury behavior of middle school students:1)Parental parenting style:According to the overall self-injury analysis,the father’s six factors（emotional warm understanding,severe punishment,excessive interference,refusal to deny,excessive protection）,the scores in the different groups of self-injury behaviors are different,and the differences between groups are Statistically significant（F=8.930,P<0.001;F=46.793,P<0.001;F=30.905,P<0.001;F=4.165,P=0.016;F=39.572,P<0.001;F=19.879,P<0.001）;Five factors in the mother’s aspect（emotional warm understanding,over-interference protection,refusal to deny,severe punishment,preference for subjects）,the scores differed in the different groups of self-injury behaviors,and Differences between groups were statistically significant（F=4.761,P=0.009;F=60.830,P<0.001;F=56.609,P<0.001;F=52.272,P<0.001;F=5.379,P=0.005）.2)Juvenile life events:The score of penalty factor,loss factor,interpersonal stress factor,learning stress factor,and fitness factor were different in the different groups of self-injury behaviors and there were differences between groups（F=69.306,P<0.001;F=67.318,P<0.001;F=143.678,P<0.001;F=115.934,P<0.001;F=11.124,P<0.001）.5.Logistic regression analysis:After univariate regression analysis,28 significant variables were included in the multi-factor Logistic regression model according to the test level（P<0.05）.The results showed that they had a good relationship with their mothers(OR_ordinary=1.377,95%CI:1.074¹.765),moderatelearningburden(OR_moderate=0.606,95%CI:0.443⁰.829),and had a good relationship with their roommates(OR_ordinary=0.686,95%CI:0.526⁰.896;OR_preferably=0.688,95%CI:0.543⁰.871),and often asked for help from parents or relatives(OR_sometimes=0.575,95%CI:0.432⁰.765;OR_frequently=0.491,95%CI:0.327⁰.740)was the protective factor of self-injury behavior in middle school students（P<0.05）.The overprotection of mothers（OR=1.028,95%CI:1.013¹.043）,mother preference for subjects（OR=1.050,95%CI:1.015¹.086）,poorinterpersonalrelationship（OR=1.110,95%CI:1.073¹.148）,high learning stress（OR=1.066,95%CI:1.031¹.12）and high health adaptation score（OR=1.049,95%CI:1.018¹.080）were the risk factors of self-injury behavior in middle school students（P<0.05）.Conclusion:1.This study found that the detection rate of self-injury behaviors of middle school students three times or more is high,which is not optimistic and needs to be given certain attention.2.The occurrence of self-injury behavior of middle school students is related to many factors,such as rapprochement with their mothers,moderate learning burden,good relationship with roommates,and often seeking help from their parents or relatives when they encounter difficulties,which are the protective factors of middle school studentsundefined self-injury behavior.Maternal overprotection,preference for subjects,poor interpersonal relationship,high learning stress and high health adaptation score were the risk factors for self-injury behavior of middle school students.