| ObjectiveThe article reveals the effect of menopause on the changes of human body components during aging through the analysis of the changes of body composition and bone mineral density in Tibet Tibetan women during two different physiological periods before and after menopause.It also explores the difference between the Tibetan women’s natural menopause age and other regional women’s in the environment of high altitude hypoxia,and the impact of menopause on women’s physical health.The article provides basic data for preventing related diseases and improving the quality of life and health of Tibetan women.MethodsIn the case of informed consent,a randomized sample survey of Tibetan women,living in Shigatse region,was conducted from July to August in 2017.The age of these respondents was ranged from 40 to 60 years old,and the three generations of them were Tibetan.They were also healthy and no disability.And the researchers excluded those groups who excised ovarian or uterus due to illness,who were abnormal menopause,whose metabolism were affected by using oral contraceptives,and those who use hormones.The respondents were divided into two groups:menopause group and non-menopausal group(according to the requirements of the International STRAW+10 Standard Staging System).On the day of the survey,the height and weight were measured according to the"Anthropometric Methods".The limbs,trunk,whole body skeletal muscle content and fat content were measured by bioelectrical impedance method.The bone density value was measured by the bone density tester.The researchers also collected and arranged personal information of the respondents on lifestyle habits,health assessment,muscle attenuation assessment,nutritional status assessment,women’s specialist examination,disease history and so on.The data were entered into SPSS22.0 software package,and the measurement data were indicated by average±standard deviation(`x±s).They were in the normal distribution and tested by the homogeneity of the variance.The two-sample t-test is used for statistical analysis.The comparison of the count data is performed by theχ~2 test.The theoretical frequency T<1 is determined by Fisher’s exact probability method,multiple linear regression analysis.The significance test level was P<0.05,so the difference was statistically significant.Results1.The average age of menarche of Tibetan women in Tibet was(15.66±1.79)years old;the average age of natural menopause was(44.54±4.08)years old.2.Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that among various possible influencing factors,health status,daily consumption of fruit and vegetables and smoking may be the factors influencing the premenopausal age of Tibet Tibetan women(P<0.05).3.t-test results showed that in the 40-year-old group,fat mass,trunk fat mass,visceral fat mass,subcutaneous fat mass,upper left and lower limb fat mass,upper right and lower limb fat mass,body weight,BMI,the estimated bone mass,body water,intracellular and extracellular fluids of Tibetan adult women’s body were higher in the menopausal group than in the non-menopausal group(P<0.05).The muscle mass in the right upper extremity was lower in the menopausal group than in the non-menopausal group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the amount of volume,trunk muscle mass,left upper limb muscle mass,left lower limb muscle mass,and right lower limb muscle mass(P>0.05).In the 45-year old group,the visceral fat mass,subcutaneous fat mass,and BMI were higher in the menopausal group.There was no significant difference in muscle mass between two groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in body fat content between the 50-year-old group and the 55-60-year-old group(P>0.05).The lower left limb muscle mass of menopausal women was lower than that of non-menopausal women(P<0.05).Except 50-year-old group,the protein of postmenopausal women was lower than that of non-menopausal women in the other three age groups(P<0.05).4.χ2 test showed that in the 45-year-old group,the detection rate of osteoporosis and osteoporosis in Tibetan non-menopausal group was 3.2%and 1.1%;in the menopausal group,the detection rates of less porous bone and Osteoporosis were 18.0%and 2.0%.The detection rate of less porous bone and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women group was higher than that of non-menopausal group.And the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the other age groups(P>0.05).Conclusions1.Poor health status and smoking may be the risk factors of early menopausal age for Tibetan women in Tibet,and eating fruits and vegetables every day is mostly a protective factor for women’s menopausal age.2.After menopause,muscle mass and protein of Tibet Tibetan adult women would reduce;fat,weight and BMI of them would increase;There were different indicators between different age groups.Premenopausal women should strengthen physical exercise and increase muscle mass in the limbs.In addition to strengthening muscle exercise,postmenopausal women should also reduce the amount of subcutaneous fat and limb fat to prevent diseases caused by excessive accumulation of fat.3.After menopause,the detection rate of less porous bone and osteoporosis increased in adult women over 45 years old. |
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