Study On The Efficacies Of Probiotics Fermented Loquat Extracts

BackgroundAs a traditional Chinese medicine,loquat extracts have been widely used in the treatment of various chronic diseases in China and other East Asian countries.A variety of biologically active compounds such as phenols and triterpenoids have been found in cockroach extracts,and have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory.hypoglycemic,anti-cancer and anti-oxidation.The gut flora participates in a series of physiological processes that are critical to the health of the host,which in turn affects the distribution of the gut flora.It has been found that the composition and metabolic capacity of the intestinal flora can be regulated by diet,especially foods containing probiotics,prebiotics and synbioticsPlant extracts often exhibit the relevant activity of the plant after fermented by probiotics,even can produce superior biological activities than the unfermented one.At the same time,herbal extracts may contain prebiotics that promote the proliferation of probiotics.Whether using probiotics to ferment loquat extract can produce better traditional efficacy,whether it has cathartic effect and optimizing the intestinal microbial communities.This was not involved in the previous studies.Aims1.To explore the traditional efficacies of probiotics fermented loquat extracts,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-tussive and removing phlegm2.To explore whether the probiotics fermented loquat extracts have the cathartic effect.3.To explore the efficacy of probiotics fermented loquat extracts on the structure of intestinal flora in mice.Methods and Results1.The efficacy of anti-inflammatory of probiotics fermented loquat extracts.The efficacies of different types of loquat extracts on the degree of ear swelling in mice was examined by constructing a mouse ear swelling model.Compared with the negative control,the ear swelling of the probiotics fermented loquat liquid group and the probiotics fermented loquat solid group had been significant inhibited,and the inhibition rates were 23.33%and 21.93%,respectively.Ear swelling in the unfermented loquat liquid group and the unfermented loquat solid group was not inhibited.2.The efficacy of anti-tussive of probiotics fermented loquat extracts.The mouse cough model was constructed by using concentrated ammonia to detect the efficacies of different types of loquat extract on the cough incubation and the cough frequency in mice.The cough incubation of the probiotics fermented loquat liquid group was 57.40±5.18s,which was significantly longer than that of the negative control(P=0.046).The number of coughs in the probiotics fermented loquat liquid group and the probiotics fermented loquat solid group was 42.80±2.85 and 49.10±1.58,respectively,which was significantly lower than that of the negative control,and there was statistical difference(P=0.001,0.013).In the unfermented loquat liquid group and the unfermented loquat solid group,no significant inhibition was observed.3.The efficacy of removing phlegm of probiotics fermented loquat extracts.Compared with the negative control,the phenol red secretion in the respiratory of the other experimental groups also increased to varying degrees.Among them,the phenol red secretion in the respiratory of the probiotics fermented loquat liquid group,the unfermented loquat liquid group and the probiotics fermented loquat solid group increased.Significantly,they were 3.42 ± 0.41,2.79 ± 0.10,and 3.30± 0.33 μg/ml,respectively,and there was a statistically significant difference(P = 0.003,0.001,0.001).No significant changes were found in the unfermented loquat solid group.4.The cathartic effect of probiotics fermented loquat extracts.The mouse constipation model was constructed by using loperamide to detect the effect of probiotics fermented loquat extracts on intestinal propulsive rate and defecation in mice.Compared with the model control group,the intestinal propulsive rate of the high-dose group of probiotics fermented loquat liquid and high-dose group of probiotics fermented loquat solid was significantly increased,which were 87.70±5.01%and 88.25±4.07%,respectively,and there were statistical differences(P=0.042,0.02).The time of the first black stool in the high-dose group of probiotics fermented loquat liquid and the low-dose group of probiotics fermented loquat liquid was significantly shortened,which were 185.60±29.08 and 262.80±29.52min,respectively,and there were statistical differences(P=0.000,0.006).The number of black stools in the high-dose group of probiotics fermented loquat liquid and high-dose group of probiotics fermented loquat solid was significantly increased,was 6.60±1.08 and 7.50±0.69,respectively,and there were statistical differences(P=0.003,0.000).5.Intestinal flora regulation effect of probiotics fermented loquat extractsThrough the Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing platform,16SrDNA sequencing was performed on the intestinal flora of mice in different groups before and after drug delivery.The diversity and difference of the intestinal flora were analyzed.and find the specific biomarkers.The study found that the two most prevalent bacteria in each group were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.From the results of the Alpha Diversity Index,there was little difference between the samples in each group.The species abundance of the probiotics fermented loquat liquid group was slightly higher than that of the other groups,and the species diversity of the unfermented loquat liquid group was slightly higher than the other groups.Beta diversity analysis showed that the intestinal flora of the mice in each group was similar before drug delivery.After the drug delivery,the experimental groups showed different degrees of difference compared with the negative control,and the difference of the probiotics fermented loquat solid group was the most obvious.The results of LEfSe analysis of the intestinal flora of each group after d-rug delivery showed that compared with the negative control,the specific bio-markers of the probiotics fermented loquat liquid group were:Muribaculaceae,Anaeroplasma,Lactobacillus gallinarum,Ruminococcaceae and so on.The unf-ermented loquat liquid group had the most specific biomarkers.including:Mur-ibaculaceae,Akkermansia.Lactobacillus gallinarum.Bifidobacterium.Ruminoco-ccaceae,Fusobacterium and so on.The specific biomarkers of probiotics ferm-ented loquat solid group includes:Muribaculaceae,Ruminococcaceae,Coriobact-eriaceae,Helicobacter trogontum and so on.Conclusions1.Probiotics fermented loquat liquid and probiotics fermented loquat solid have the efficacies of anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive.The efficacies of anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive of the probiotics fermented loquat extracts are better than the unfermented loquat extracts.2.Probiotics fermented loquat liquid,unfermented loquat liquid and probiotics fermented loquat solid have the efficacy of removing phlegm.3.Probiotics fermented loquat liquid and probiotics fermented loquat solid have the cathartic effect.4.Different loquat extracts had little effect on the number of the intestinal flora in mice,but the structure of the intestinal flora were changed greatly.Probiotics fermented loquat liquid performed best in optimizing the structure of the intestinal flora.