Research On Chemical Constituents And Biological Activities Of Rhizoma Of Panax Stipuleanatus

Panax stipuleanatus has been used as medicinal materials in folk,but the chemical constituents have slightly different between the Panax notoginseng and Panax stipuleanatus,saponins of Panax stipuleanatus is mainly oleanane type three pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins,in addition to containing two major saponins:stipuleanosides Ri and R2,it also contains small amounts of ginsenosides Rb1,Rc,Rb3,Rd.However,there are rarely studies.on chemical constituents of Panax stipuleanatus,the study on pharmacological activities in vivon and acute toxicityhas not been reported,the existing research do not support exploitation and utilization of Panax stipuleanatus resources.Therefore,this article conducts exploration of alcohol extracts of Panax stipuleanatus research on pharmacodynamics.The major compounds were isolated by methanol-extraction together with column chromatography,the structure were determined by UPLC-ASQ-MS and spectroscopic analysis.Studied the anti-inflammatory effect of saponins of Panax stipuleanatus in acute or chronic inflammation and evaluated the safety of its usage,the main research contents and results of this study were as follows:1.The high doses of alcohol extract from Panax stipuleanatus(960 mg kg-1)could significantly reduce independent active number of times of mice(P<0.05),significantly inhibit the pain caused by hot-plate in mice(P<0.05),shorten the clotting and bleeding time of mice(P<0.05),it plays a key role in the blood clotting cascade by affecting intrinsic coagulation pathway and raises levels of Fib in the blood.The low(240 mg kg-1),middle(480 mg·kg-1)and high(960 mg kg-1)doses of alcohol extract from Panax stipuleanatus could significantly suppress inflammatory response of paw edema induced by carrageenan,ear swelling induced by TPA,permeability of abdomen capillary in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).It showed that alcohol extract from Panax stipuleanatus possesses obvious anti-inflammatory effect.2.The content of total saponins is 2.77%,content of total flavonoids is 0.40%,content of total phenols is 0.65%in the rhizomes of Panax stipuleanatus.The results show clearly that the main chemical constituents is the saponins,mainly oleanane type three pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins,containing two major saponins:stipuleanosides Ri and R2.3.The total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus has significant inhibitory effect on acute inflammation,low(75 mg·kg-1),middle(150 mg kg-1)and high(300 mg kg-1)doses could significantly suppress inflammatory response of paw edema induced by carrageenan,ear swelling induced by TPA,permeability of abdomen capillary in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.Histological sections of ear from TPA treated mouse of observations,it concludes that the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus could significantly relieve ear swelling induced by TPA,telangiectasias and infiltration of the inflammatory cells.Low(75 mg kg-1),middle(150 mg·kg-1)and high(300 mg kg-1)doses have the effect of anti-inflammation and protect cells by decreases inflammatory factors(TNF-αNO、PGE2)of staitns through down-regulates capillary permeability,increase SOD activity significantly and reduce MDA content(P<0.01,P<0.05).One of the important anti-inflammatory mechanisms of The total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus is that it can regulate the production and release of free oxygen radicals,increase SOD activity significantly,reduce MDA content,suppress the production of inflammatory factors(TNF-α、NO、PGE2).4.Low(75 mg kg-1),middle(150 mg·kg-1)and high(300 mg kg-1)doses of the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus could significantly reduced the weight of granuloma in mice in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibitory rate was 17.55%,21.02%,27.56%.The total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus could effectively alleviated chronic inflammation of the mice dorsal air bag synovitis induced by acute inflammation.Its could significantly reduced white cells,lymphocytes,monocytes,neutrophils count in blood of mice(P<0.05,P<0.01),increased SOD activity significantly and reduced MDA content in air bag tissue of mice,reduce levels of NO,PGE2 in serum of mice.5.LD50 of the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus in mice is 3.88g/kg,equivalent to 370 times safe doses for humans.It suggested that Panax stipuleanatus is safe in the use scope.According to weight of male and female mice,female mice are more susceptible to the effects the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus.Liver coefficient of male and female mice both increased,it showed the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus can lead to liver damage.Thymus coefficient of mice decreased showed that the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus can negatively affect the immune system.3.57 g/kg,4.76 g/kg group on the number of white blood cells in mice presented significantly lower,that high doses of the total saponins from Panax stipuleanatus can caused the mice immune function damage.