Effects Of Pomegranate Seed Oil Intake On Glucose And Lipid Metabolism And Fatty Tissue Beigeing In Mice

Conjugaed linolenic acid(CLNA)generally refers to octadecatrienoic acid having a conjugated triene structure which is mainly found in seed oil of plants,It has biological functions such as anti-tumor and anti-oxidation.Punicic acid is one of the isomers of CLNA,naturally present in pomegranate seed oil(PSO)which amounts as high as 50% or more.Some studies have shown that pomegranate seed oil may have a regulatory effect on lipid metabolism and visceral fat deposition in the abdominal cavity,but the mechanism is not clear.In recent years,Beige or Brite adipose cells were found in white adipose that have the similar effect of heat production as brown adipose,that may have a positive effect on the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism.In our study,PSO were used as the research object,with soybean oil(SBO)as control,to analyze the effects of pomegranate seed oil intake on mouse body weight,glucose and lipid metabolism,and the expression of tissue beigeing-related protein.In addition,the effects of punicic acid on lipid droplet formation during adipogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells in vitro was also analyzed.Three-week-old pure male mice were randomly divided into two groups,pomegranate seed oil plus soybean oil(SBO)in 1:1 ratio(PSO group)or only pure SBO(control group),The diet was supplmented with 20% fat.The mice were fed to 10 weeks of age,and the differences in tail length gain,weight gain,abdominal fat weight,abdominal fat ratio were measured,Lipid metabolism were analyzed,and histological staining,immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used,to examine white adipose tissue morphological changes and the expression of uncoupling protein-1(UCP-1)and cytochrome C(Cyt C).The results showed no significant difference between the groups in terms of tail length gain.However,the PSO group showed significantly reduced weight gain,significantly decreased abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat ratio,and significantly increased HDL content.The plasma CHO,TG and LDL contents did not significantly differ.The glucose tolerance test found that pomegranate seed oil can effectively control the fasting glucose tolerance of high-fat diet mice.The analysis of mouse adipose tissue showed that the intake of pomegranate seed oil can significantly reduce the adipocyte diameter and area,up-regulate the expression of UCP-1 and Cyt C protein in adipose tissue,and improve the adipose tissue PPAR-γ protein expression,but no significant effects on the expression of PPAR-α protein.In addition,in vitro experiments found that punicic acid can promote the formation of small lipid droplets in adipogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells.In summary,we found that the intake of pomegranate seed oil can reduce body weight,abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat ratio of mice fed with high-fat diet,increase plasma HDL,control glucose,and reduce white adipose cell size.The expression of UCP-1,Cyt C,and PPAR-γ proteins in adipose tissue increased after treatment of PSO.The effects of pomegranate seed oil on glucose and lipid metabolism and adipose tissue beigeing in mice may be related to its regulation of PPAR-γ expression.