Research On Improving Type 2 Diabetes Metabolic Disorders Combined Effects Of Momordica Charantia Saponins And Cucurbita Moschata Polysaccharides Or Fagopyrum Tataricum Flavones

Momordica charantia saponins,Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides and Fagopyrum tataricum flavones,as natural plants active components,are often used in prevention and control of type 2 diabetes based on glucose and lipid metabolism and improve immunityand antibacterial anti-inflammatory.Because they have lower price and less side-effects,they are widely used as a health food or feed additives raw materials.People deeply study to three active components of bioactive substances,effects and mechanisms.However,the research of combined effects on these three plants active components in type 2 diabetes was seldom reported.The complex causes of diabetes in which the body’s metabolic system also showed abnormal on multiple paths.So,from the developing cell and animal models,the study researched on the combined effects in type 2 diabetes of metabolic disorder.Firstly,combined three extracts were used in cell model whether they improve the situation of insulin resistance.Secondly,synergistic combination of Momordica charantia saponins with Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides or Fagopyrum tataricum flavones for metabolic disorder effects in type 2 diabetes were studied using animal experimental methods through multiple levels,multiple targets and different pathways.Lastly,from the perspective of metabolomic and principal component analysis,to observe is different from combined and single in metabolic pathway.The main results were as follows:(1)The best conditions of developing insulin HepG2/IR model were: HepG2 cells was treated with 30μg/mL of insulin for 36 h.58.5% Momordica charantia saponins,48.29%Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides and 72.3% Fagopyrum tataricum flavones were used.Results showed that 750μg/mL of Momordica charantia saponins,500μg/mL of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides,or 500μg/mL of Fagopyrum tataricum flavones significantly increased cells survival rate of HepG2/IR,and improved consumption of glucose,which meant they could achieve good consumption effect.The results showed that combined effects of Momordica charantia saponins,Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides and Fagopyrum tataricum flavones,had better effects on ameliorating insulin resistance,increasing consumption glucose and GLUT4 expression than individual one extract.Factorial analysis from physiological and biochemical indices were found that the combined groups improved glucose metabolism(consumption of glucose)and repaired liver cells(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)because they had a synergistic interaction.(2)All the extracts,single and combined groups,could greatly ameliorate "three polys and one little" symptom,lowered blood sugar levels,improved lipid profiles,insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism,promoted T-lymphocyte proliferation,immune function and repairedliver and kidney.Further analysis showed that the effect of improving lipid disorders was better(P<0.05)in area under the curve of glucose(AUC),insulin,total cholesterol(TC),free fatty acid(FFA)and adiponectin(ADP)that Momordica charantia saponins,Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides,or Fagopyrum tataricum flavones of the combined groups were different from the single groups.Meanwhile,in terms of adjusting immune function,the combined groups were better in thymus index,spleen index,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-2(IL-2)and T-lymphocyte stimulation index.What is more,protecting the liver and kidney of damage,the combined groups existed a significant difference(P<0.05)on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine(Cr)and nitrogen urea(BUN).Using 2×2factorial analysis,the result that ALT,total cholesterol(TG),HDL,LDL,FFA,BUN,Cr and IL-2 were synergistic interaction in Momordica charantia saponins and Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides;in Momordica charantia saponins and Fagopyrum tataricum flavones,FBG,ALT,AST,TG,HDL,FFA,BUN,Cr and IL-2 were synergistic interaction.It concluded that three extracts exerted their hpyerglycemic effects through multiple targets and pathways,promoted each other and showed good synergistic effects in factorial analysis.(3)From the research of metabolomics,amino acid analyse and change in rat urine that closely related to protein metabolism.Results showed that the combined groups of amino acid metabolism is more close to normal rats because maybe combined groups have better corrective action for protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes,which combined groups compared with the single groups.Using the method of principal component analysis we got the main ingredient and biomarkers that consisting of amino acids contribution rate and find that combined groups were different from single groups.So the targets and pathways distinguished the combined effects and the single effects of plant active components.