Study Of Morphology And Function Of Upper Airway In Skeletal Class Ⅰ Young Adults With Different Vertical Facial Types

The upper airway is a slightly flatterned infundibular myofilm lumen,it is an important physiological structure of the human craniomandibular surface,its main physiological functions include respiration,occurrence and swallowing.The upper airway is anatomically divided into nasopharynx,palatopharynx,lingual pharynx and larynx pharynx.The development of the upper airway formed by palatopharynx and hypopharynx is closely related to the development of craniofacial strructure.The hyoid bone is the only part of the human body that does not form joints with other bones,but connects the pharynx,mandible and jaw with ligaments and muscles,it plays a necessary role in speech,chewing,swallowing and maintaining airway patency.Mandibular malformation is the most common disease among oral clinicians,in the course of orthodontics,there are various influences on the structure and function of the upper airway.In this study,abnormal sagittal osteoid and all kinds of upper airway anomalies were excluded,which was observing the morphological function of upper airway and the position of hyoid bone in skeletal Class I patients with different vertical facial type normal population.Objectives:In this study,the Ceph and the Watch-PAT200 was used to compare the upper airway morphological functionand hyoid bone position of young people skeletal Class I patients with different vertical facial type and compare the difference between male and female.The revealed relationship will provide some reference for orthodontic clinical diagnosis and treatment.Materials and methods:1.The volunteers were screened by questionnaire（see appendix a）and oral clinical examination,among which the clinical examination of the oral was mainly included:（1）teeth as a permanent teeth;（2）molar relationship and canine relationship were Class I;（3）overbite and overjet were normal;（4）soft and hard tisssues in the mouth were healthy:no periodontal disease and no gingival disease,examine alveolar bone and palatal cover,examine labial or lingual frenum,no cleft palate operation,the function of swallowing and articulation is normal;（5）oral and facial morphology:topless mandibular processes or underdevelopment,the front face were symmetrical;（6）the temporomandibular joint has no tenderness,no sound,no movement restriction.The volunteers were supervised Watch-PAT200（a wrist-worn portable device）all night by the otolaryngology department of our hospital,screening to determine early for sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom screen negative volunteers,combined with the Ceph（cephalogram）images of everyone was taken in radiology department under the same condition in our hospital.The 60 skeletal Class I volunteers（0.7°≤ANB≤4.7°、Age21²9y）were divided into three groups based on their MP-FH angles,there is high angle,mean angle and low angle（low angle:MP-FH<22;mean angle:22≤MP-FH≤32;high angle:MP-FH>32）,in which high angle was 18,mean angle was 18,high angle was 24,female was 34,male was 26.2.The data obtained and measured by the same doctor for a period of time.All measurements were measured 3 times,and the average of 3 measurements was taken.3.All the data were analyzed by the means of SPSS 20.0.For the different vertical skeletal groups airway function and hyoid measurement using analysis of variance,statistical significance was found the different vertical skeletal groups measurement using analysis of LSD;T-test was used for comparison of the different gender in the same vertical skeletal group.Test level bilateral p=0.05.Results:1.Among different vertical skeletal type groups,there was significant differences in JH（the distance between the anterior hyoid bone and the projection from the sella to the eye and ear plane）in low and high angle groups,which the low angle groups were the largest and the high groups were the smallest,after the comparison of LSD method,there were a significant differences between the low angle groups and the high angle groups,the mean of low angle groups 10.57 were significantly higher than that of the high angle groups 4.35 in JH（the distance between the anterior hyoid bone and the projection from the sella to the eye and ear plane）.2.The results of between male and female were shown:there were significant differences in H-C3（the distance from the superior point of the hyoid to the third cervical spine）in mean angle groups;there were significant differences in JH（the distance between the anterior hyoid bone and the projection from the sella to the eye and ear plane）、MSaO₂（mean blood oxygen saturation）、LSaO₂（lowest oxygen saturation）in high angle groups;there were no significant differences in low angle groups.Conclusion:1.there were significant differences in the measurement results of different vertical skeletal type groups in JH（the distance between the anterior hyoid bone and the projection from the sella to the eye and ear plane）,it indicates that the vertical position of the hyoid bone is different,the position of hyoid bone of the low angle groups were lower than that of the mean angle groups and the mean angle groups were lower than that of the high angle groups.2.the results of between male and female were shown:there were significant differences in H-C3（the distance from the superior point of the hyoid to the third cervical spine）in mean angle groups,it indicates that the level of the hyoid bone of the female tongue is different from that of the male,the female hyoid bone level is later than that of the male;there were significant differences in JH（the distance between the anterior hyoid bone and the projection from the sella to the eye and ear plane）in high angle groups,it indicates that the vertical of the hyoid bone of the female tongue is different from that of the male,the female hyoid bone level is lower than that of the male,there were significant differences in MSaO₂（mean blood oxygen saturation）、LSaO₂（lowest oxygen saturation）in high angle groups,it indicates that the blood oxygen saturation value of different genders,the female is higher than that of male;there were no significant differences in airway morphological function and hyoid bone position in the low angle groups.