The Metabolism And Safety Evaluation Of Arsenobetaine In Antarctic Krill Oil In Rats

Antarctic krill,the largest marine invertebrate biomass in the southern ocean,As a new resource of marine high quality protein and active lipid,Antarctic krill has become the most important development object in the world.Antarctic krill oil is extracted and refined by Antarctic krill,containing EPA/DHA phospholipids,astaxanthin esters and other functional food ingredients.Therefore,it has received extensive attention.Experime nt 1:The metabolism of arsenobetaine in Antarctic krill oil in ratsObjective To study the absorption,distribution and accumulation of arsenobetaine in Antarctic krill oil in rats.Method Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups treated with 2.625g/kg·bw of soybean oil,krill oil and 100mg/kg arsenobetaine in krill oil,respectively.The liver,kidney and spleen of rats were collected at 1h,2h,4h,6h,12h and 24h after gavage,while the urine of 12 and 24 hours were also collected.The total arsenic contents in the plasma,organ and urine were detected by ICP-MS.The total arsenic contents in liver and kidney of rats was also measured in 7 days and30 days after continuous gavage at the same dose of lipid.Result The total arsenic contents in the plasma and organs showed no obvious changes at each time point between the krill oil group and the control group;The maximum contents of total arsenic in plasma was at 1h after gavage,while the conte nts of total arsenic in liver,kidney and spleen were all reached the highest at 6h after gavage,And at 24h after gavage,the contents of total arsenic in liver,kidney and spleen reduced below 30%of the peak.85%of the arsenic in krill oil was passed o ut of the body in the urine within24h.After continuous gavage for 7 days and 30 days,the total arsenic contents in the liver and kidney of rats in each group showed no significant changes compared with the control group.Conclusion Arsenobetaine in the krill oil was rarely absorbed in rats andmost were passed out of the body in the urine within 24h.No cumulative effects would appear after the long-term feeding with the krill oil.Experime nt 2:Effects of antarctic krill oil and arsenobetaine on distribution of arsenic in organs of ratsObjective To study the effects of arsenic speciation in the visceral organs of rats after feeding Antarctic krill oil and arsenobetaine and providing scientific guidance for its food safety.Method The 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups,The same dose every day treated with 2.625g/kg·bw of soybean oil（7d group,30d group）,krill oil（7d group,30d group）and 100mg/kg arsenobetaine in krill oil（7d group,30d group）,after continuo us feeding for 7d and 30d,sodium pentobarbital anesthesia,peel the rat liver and kidneys.Using high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry（LC-AFS）,The content of arsenobetaine（As B）,arsenite（AsⅢ）,arsenate（AsⅤ）,Mon-ometllylarsonicacid（MMA）a nd Dimethylarsellic acid（DMA）in rat’s organs were aparated with an allion exchange column Hamilton PRPx-100,the mobile phase consisted of 0.8mmoL/L NH₄H₂P0₄（pH9.0）and 20 mmo L/L NH₄H₂P0₄（pH8.0）.Result The correlation coefficients R² are greater than 0.999,The detectable limits for AsB,AsⅢ,DMA,MMA,AsⅤwere 0.35⁰.5（μg/L）,the recoveries were between87%¹10%,The relative standard deviation（RSDs）were between 1.34%³.97%.The total arsenic contents and two main arsenic species--AsB and DMA contents in the liver and kidney of rats in each group showed no significant changes compared with the control group.Conclusion No cumulative effects would appear after the long-term feeding with the krill oil,the content of arsenic in organs and the conversion between arsenic species showed no effects.Antarctic krill oil can be used as a safe food in the field of health products.Experime nt 3:30-day feeding experiment of antarctic krill oil and its containing arsenobetaineObjective:To evaluate the safety of the Antarctic krill oil and its arsenobetaine for 30days in order to provide the experimental basis for its edible safety.Methods:According to the Technical Standards for Testing&Assessment of Health Food,thirty-day’s feeding test was carried out in SPF Wistar rats.The 80 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 20 rats in each group,half male and half female.The same dose every day treated with 2.625g/kg·bw of soybean oil,krill oil,100mg/kg arsenobetaine in krill oil and 1000mg/kg arsenobetaine in krill oil.Results:30 days after feeding,there was no poisoning or death in the exposed rats.Copmared to the control group,There were no significant differences in body weights,organ-body ratios.hemogram or blood biochemical indexes between the control group and any krill oil ingestion groups.No abnormalities were found in pathological sections of tissues.Conclusion:The main arsenic compound of Antarctic krill oil containing arsenobetaine is safe.Antarctic krill oil is the safe health food material.