| Hypotension is a clinically more common condition.Because it has no more severe symptoms,it is usually not taken seriously.Clinical observations have found that people suffering from hypotension have symptoms such as headache and dizziness,and even hypotension causes coronary blood supply and oxygen deficiency to cause myocardial ischemia and hypoxia,affecting the normal physiological function of the heart.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find drugs that can effectively treat hypotension in order to improve the quality of life of patients with hypotension.At present,Chinese medicine clinical commonly used supplement medicine to treat hypotension.Ginseng,as a representative drug of tonic medicine,has the effects of nourishing vital energy,invigorating the spleen and benefiting the lung,and repairing and removing fumai.It has been widely used in the clinical regulation of blood pressure.Previous studies in our laboratory found that superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng can reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Although the role of ginseng in raising blood pressure has been reported,the mechanism is not yet clear and needs further exploration.In this study,experimental hypotension model rats were intragastrically administered with Panax ginseng superfine powder and Panax ginseng aqueous extract,detect systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,heart function,endothelium,renin-angiotensin system regulation factor,bradykinin,cyanophosphoric acid and other related indicators in hypotensive rats to observe Panax ginseng superfine powder and Panax ginseng aqueous extract’s role of raising blood pressure,and to explore its mechanism.Providing an experimental basis for the interpretation of the "bidirectional regulation" effect of edible ginseng on blood pressure.Method:Ten of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly selected as the normal group,and the remaining 50 rats were given intragastrically(ig)with compound reserpine(0.16 mg/kg,twice daily)to prepare an experimental hypotension model.After 7 weeks,rats having a systolic blood pressure ≤ 80 mmHg were selected into the experiment.40 model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their blood pressure and body weight: model group,superfine powder of Panax ginseng 0.5,1.0 g/kg group,aqueous extract of Panax ginseng 0.2,0.4 g/kg group,8 in each group.Rats of normal group and model group were given 0.5 % CMC-Na 10 ml/kg by ig,and the other groups received ig giving corresponding drugs once a day for 4 weeks,while continuing to give compound reserpine twice daily(0.16 mg/kg).Rats’ body weight(BW),heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)were measured once a week.After the end of the administration,4 rats were randomly selected to measure the echocardiogram,and the organ index of the heart and kidney of all rats was measured;determination of nitric oxide(NO),endothelin(ET),angiotensin II(AngII),angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE),norepinephrine(NE),bradykinin(BK),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)content in serum,and NO,ET,cAMP,cGMP content in brain tissue homogenates,calculation of serum and brain homogenate nitric oxide/endothelin(NO/ET),cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cAMP/cGMP)values.Result:1.Compared with the normal group,the BW of the model group rats from the first week to the end of the administration was significantly lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with the model group,the Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2,0.4 g/kg had no significant effect on rats’ BW(P>0.05).2.Compared with the normal group,the SBP,DBP and MAP of the model group rats decreased significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.001)from the 5th to 7th week after modeling.Compared with the model group,Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.4 g/kg increased SBP,DBP,and MAP from the 3rd week of administration(P<0.05 ~ P<0.001);Panax ginseng superfine powder 1.0 g/kg increased SBP,DBP,and MAP(P<0.05 or P<0.01)from the 2nd week of administration;while 0.2 g/kg of Panax ginseng aqueous extract had no significant effect on them(P>0.05).3.Compared with the normal group,the HR of the model group rats increased significantly from the 7th week to the end of the experiment(P<0.001);compared with the model group,both the Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and the Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2,0.4 g/kg had no significant effect on rats’ HR(P>0.05).4.Compared with the normal group,the left ventricle interal diameter end diastole(LVIDd),left ventricle interal diameter end systole(LVIDs),ejection fractions(EF)and left ventricle fractional shortening(%FS)in the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and there had the cardiac hypertrophy and contractility decreased.Compared with the model group,Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.4 g/kg significantly increased EF,%FS(P<0.05),while Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2 g/kg had no significant effect on them(P>0.05);Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2,0.4 g/kg all had no significant effect on LVIDd,LVIDs(P>0.05).5.Compared with the normal group,the heart weight/body weight(HW/BW)of the model group increased significantly(P<0.05),while the heart weight(HW),left ventricle weight(LVW),left ventricle weight/body weight(LVW/BW)had no significant difference(P>0.05);left kidney weight(LKW),right kidney weight(RKW)significantly reduced(P<0.05),but there were no significant difference in left kidney weight/body weight(LKW/BW)and right kidney weight/body weight(RKW/BW)(P>0.05).Compared with the model group,Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2,0.4 g/kg all had no effect on rats’ HW,LVW,HW/BW,LVW/BW,LKW,RKW,LKW/BW,RKW/BW and other organ index(P>0.05).6.Compared with the normal group,Ang II,NE contents and ACE activities in serum of the model group were significantly lower(P<0.001),and the BK content was significantly higher(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,AngII,ACE and NE contents were significantly increased in Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg groups(P<0.001),and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg groups significantly reduced the content of BK(P<0.05 or P<0.01).7.Compared with the normal group,the serum cAMP level in the model group was significantly lower(P<0.05),cGMP level was significantly higher(P<0.01),cAMP/cGMP was significantly lower(P<0.01);the brain tissue homogenate cAMP level was significantly increased(P<0.05),cGMP level was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and cAMP/cGMP was significantly increased(P<0.001).Compared with the model group,Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2,0.4 g/kg all significantly increased serum cAMP levels(P<0.05 or P<0.01),reduced serum cGMP level(P<0.05 or P<0.01),increased serum cAMP/cGMP(P<0.01 or P<0.001);Panax ginseng superfine powder 1.0g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.4 g/kg significantly increased brain tissue homogenate cAMP levels(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but there was no significant effect of Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2 g/kg(P>0.05);Panax ginseng superfine powder 1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.4g/kg significantly increased cGMP levels in brain tissue homogenates(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2 g/kg had no significant effect on it(P>0.05);Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and 0.2,0.4 g/kg of Panax ginseng aqueous extract had no significant effect on cAMP/cGMP of brain tissue homogenate(P>0.05).8.Compared with the normal group,NO contents and NO/ET in the serum and brain tissue homogenate of the model group increased significantly(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in ET contents(P>0.05).Compared with the model group,Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.4 g/kg all significantly reduced the NO contents in the serum and brain tissue homogenate(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2 g/kg has no significant effect on it(P>0.05);Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5,1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2,0.4 g/kg had no significant effect on ET contents in serum and brain tissue homogenate(P>0.05).Panax ginseng superfine powder 0.5 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.2 g/kg had no significant effect on NO/ET in serum and brain tissue homogenate(P>0.05),Panax ginseng superfine powder 1.0 g/kg and Panax ginseng aqueous extract 0.4 g/kg significantly reduced NO/ET in serum and brain tissue homogenates(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:1.The superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng had no significant effect on the body weight of experimental hypotensive rats.2.The superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng can increase blood pressure,but they had no significant effect on heart rate.3.The superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng can delay ventricular remodeling and improve myocardial contractile function in experimental hypotensive rats.4.The superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng had no significant effect on the organ coefficient of experimental hypotensive rats.5.The superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng may play the role in increasing blood pressure by affecting the vasoconstriction and diastolic function by affecting the levels of NO,ET,AngII,NE,BK,cAMP,cGMP and ACE activity.The results of this experiment show that the superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng have the effect of increasing blood pressure in experimental hypotensive rats,and can improve ventricular remodeling and restore myocardial contractile function.The effects of the superfine powder and aqueous extract of Panax ginseng on blood pressure may be achieved by regulating the sympathetic/renin-angiotensin system,affecting endothelial function.The exact mechanism remains to be explored. |
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