Status And Relationship Of Body Composition And Metabolic Diseases In Yao People Of Guangxi

Background and objectivesIn recent years,the prevalence of hypertension,dyslipidemia and osteoporosis have a sustained growth trend in Chinese adults,and these metabolic diseases and related complications have caused serious impact on health,the expenses of treatment also brought heavy burden to both family and society.Furthermore,significant differences of body composition between different regions and ethnic groups were found,and body composition was closely related to many diseases,especially metabolic diseases.Nowadays,relevant study on the status and association of body composition and metabolic diseases hasn’t been reported in Yao,therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the present situation of body composition and compare the prevalence of hypertension,dyslipidemia and osteoporosis in male and female,to explore the association of body composition with hypertension,dyslipidemia and osteoporosis,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and health care of hypertension,dyslipidemia and osteoporosis in Yao.Materials and methodsA total of 495(male=211,female=284)participants aged 18~84 years fromDahua Yao autonomous county in Guangxi(including Qibainong town,Baima town,Yalong town and Jiangnan Town)were randomly selected in this study,three generations traced back from participants were Yao,and all participants were in no pregnancy,no deformity and no malformation,and had not taken drugs affecting body composition,blood pressure,blood lipid and bone density recently,and did not equipped with body pacemakers or other medical equipments.All of the subjects were informed consent,they were investigated by questionnaire,and their blood sampling,physical measurement,blood pressure,body composition and bone density were measured.Results1.Characteristics of body composition in Yao: Muscle mass of male was higher than that of female in Yao,while the fat content of female was higher than that of male,in addition to visceral fat content,the differences were all statistically significant(P < 0.01).Body mass,body fat,BMI and BF% of male and female were increasing with age,and mostly reached the highest value at the age of 45~54 years and then descended,the significant statistical differences of body composition among age groups were found(P < 0.05).2.Differences of gender and age of hypertension in Yao: The prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.1% in male and 27.5% in female.Systolic blood pressure increased with the increase of age for both men and women,while diastolic blood pressure reached the highest value in 45~54-year-old male and55~64-year-old female and then both decreased slightly,the results showed that there was significantly difference in age with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Yao adults(P < 0.01).3.Differences of gender and age of dyslipidemia in Yao: The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 46.4% in male and 32% in female.The prevalence ratesof hypercholesteremia,hypertriglyceridemia,higher low density lipoprotein,lower high density lipoprotein and dyslipidemia in male were higher than in female,and differences among the groups were found(P < 0.05)except for hypercholesteremia.The average levels of TC and TG in female were lower than those in male before the age of 45-54 years,whereas average levels of TC and TG were higher than those in male after 45-54 years of age.The data from present study displayed that there were age differences in most blood lipid levels for majority of Yao(P < 0.01).4.Differences of gender and age of osteoporosis in Yao: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 2.8% in male and 6.3% in female.Bone hardness,t-value and z-value in men were higher than those in women,and decreased with the increase of age.But those in female reached the highest value at the age of45~54 and then visibly decreased.The bone hardness,t-value,z-value of Yao males and bone hardness,t-value of Yao females have significant difference among difference age(P < 0.01).5.Correlation between body composition and blood pressure in Yao: The results revealed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively related to body weight,body mass index,visceral fat,waist hip ratio,swelling index,trunk muscle mass,trunk fat mass,waist circumference and abdominal circumference in adults(P < 0.05).The regression equation established by logistic regression analysis is:Logit(hypertension)=-2.507-0.188 * weight +1.807 * visceral fat content + 0.200 * trunk muscle mass-0.302 * body fat content.6.Correlation between body composition and blood lipids in Yao: The association of TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C with body weight,fat weight,visceral fat,trunk fat,body mass index,waist hip ratio,waist circumference,abdominal circumference and anterior superior iliac spine was found(P < 0.05),whereas HDL-C was negatively correlated with body composition(P < 0.05).7.Correlation between body composition and bone density in Yao: Bone strength,t-value and z-value were significantly positively correlated with height,body weight,body fat,and muscle weight(P < 0.05).The regression equation established by logistic regression analysis is:Logit(osteoporosis)= 4.915-1.127* left leg muscle mass.Conclusions1.The muscle mass of each part of body in male was higher than that in female,but the fat content of each part of body in female was higher than that in male in Yao.2.The prevalence rate of hypertension of male and female were higher than the Han nationality in Guangxi,and men should reduce alcohol intake to prevent high blood pressure.3.The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia in Yao male was higher than the Han nationality in Guangxi;men and menopausal women should pay attention to health care and prevent dyslipidemia.4.The prevalence rates of osteoporosis in Yao male and female were both lower than the Han nationality in Guangxi,but bone density of women decreased visibly after the age of 45~54 years,so menopausal and postmenopausal women need to pay attention to the loss of calcium,the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.5.Blood lipids and blood pressure were correlated with abdominal obesity.Avoiding abdominal obesity is an important way to prevent dyslipidemia and hypertension.6.Body mass and muscle mass were positively related to bone mineraldensity in Yao,meaning that enhancing physical exercise could prevent the osteoporosis.