Effects Of Different Plastic Film Mulching Methods On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties And Yield Of Dryland Maize

Film mulching technology has become an important technology for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas of China,providing a good ecological environment for agricultural development and greatly increasing the yield of crops.After mulching with plastic film,it can increase soil temperature,increase soil moisture content,and then change the physical and chemical properties of the soil,provide a good soil environment for the growth of maize,thereby promoting the growth of corn and increasing the yield of maize.In recent years,because of the high temperature of the soil covered by the white plastic film,the problem of premature maize yield decline has continued to appear.In order to clarify the soil environmental problems of plant premature aging under the white mulch,using the Shandan 636 maize variety as the test material,two experiments in 2018 and 2019 were conducted.The experiment compared the effects of four mulching methods,white film mulching(WFM),black film mulching(BFM),white film mulching + soil mulching(WSM)and bare land without mulching(CK),on farmland soil temperature,soil moisture,corn growth,dry matter accumulation and yield.The main results are as follows:1.The three mulching methods can increase the soil temperature compared with CK.The effect of different mulching methods on the increase of soil temperature is white film mulching > black film mulching > white film mulching + soil mulching.The daily average temperature of white film mulching,black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching was increased by 2.79?,1.77? and 0.56 ? compared with CK.The effect of plastic film mulching on soil temperature is mainly manifested in shallow soil,but the effect on deep soil is not obvious.Both black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching can effectively reduce the soil temperature compared with white film mulching,which is mainly reflected in the ability to reduce the maximum temperature of the soil within a day,providing a good temperature environment for maize growth.Plastic film mulching can significantly increase the soil moisture content,and there is no significant difference in the effect of different mulching methods on soil water content.The improvement of soil water content by film mulching is mainly manifested in the jointing stage of maize.2.Compared with CK,different mulching methods can effectively reduce the soil compactness.Soil compaction under the treatment of white film mulching,black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching,reduced 7.88%,25.83% and 25.65%,compared to CK.Compared with the traditional white mulching,the two treatments of black mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching have better effects on reducing soil compactness.3.The content of soil organic matter in the treatment of plastic film mulching is significantly higher than that in bare land.Compared with CK,white film mulching,black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching,soil organic matter increased by 7.15%,13.15% and 12.6% respectively.Compared with the different mulching methods,the black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching treatments have significantly higher soil organic matter content than white film mulching.The total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium contents of the soil were not significantly different under different treatments.The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil were significantly higher in the CK than in the different mulch treatments,and the white mulch coverage was significantly higher than the black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching.4.Different mulching methods can significantly increase the yield of maize.The effects of different treatments on maize yield are: black film mulching > white film mulching + soil mulching > white film mulching > CK.The average yield of maize under the treatment of white film mulching,black film mulching and white film mulching + soil mulching was increased by 12.30%,23.98% and 13.18% compared with CK respectively.In different years,the output of each treatment in 2019 has increased compared with 2018,but there is no significant difference.5.Comparing the economic benefits of different mulching methods,it was found that the use of white film mulching and black film mulching can improve the economic benefits of maize production,and increase 15.20% and 35.24%,compared with CK.Choose white film mulching + soil mulching for planting,because of the additional cost of manual soil mulching,so the economic benefits are reduced compared to CK.