Study On Screening And Breeding Technology Of Gastrodia Elata Hybrid Combination

Lueyang County,Hanzhong City,Shaanxi province is a genuine Gastrodia elata producing area.At present,seeds obtained by self-pollination of the same plant are mostly used for reproduction.Multiple generations of inbreeding leads to species degradation,and there is a lack of high-quality and high-yield Gastrodia elata seeds.In addition,the blind introduction and self-propagation of Gastrodia elata are common,which lead to the germplasm confusion.In addition,the seedlings used in Gastrodia elata cultivation,in addition to some from the production and supply of professional companies,there are a lot of farmers from their own production and marketing.The quality standard of Gastrodia elata seedlings is lacking and the breeding technology is not standard,which leads to the instability of the quality of the seedlings and ultimately affects the quality and yield of gastrodia elata.For Gastrodia elata lack seeds and seedlings standard the problem of the missing,this study established the germplasm resources of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata from shaanxi and Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow from yunnan were used to establish a breeding system for superior varieties of Gastrodia elata,and obtained four hybrid combinations and morphological characteristics of capsules and seeds,Biomass size,F1 generation performance was analyzed,and the following results were obtained:1.Pollen morphology of two species of Gastrodia elata was observed and studied by scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the two kinds of Gastrodia elata pollen were irregular shape,the exine ornamentation exists Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade.However,there were some differences in pollen grain size and patterns.The single grain size of the pollen of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow was larger than that of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata.In the aspect of exine ornamentation,the mesh of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata is round or oval in shape and more regular.Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow has a large mesh area and an irregular shape.The ridges of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata was few and wide.While the net ridges of Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow are dense and narrow.2.The fruit and seed morphology of the four combinations of Gastrodia elata can be classified into two categories.in the term of fruits,it showed that the morphology of the hybrid Gastrodia capsules was basically the same as that of the parenten Gastrodia elata.Among them,the hybrid capsuleand(Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow as a parent)and Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow capsules(self-cross)were longer and darkgreen;the hybrid capsuleaned(Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata as a parent)and Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata capsules(self-cross)were rounder and orange-red.The four combinations of Gastrodia seeds are all spindle-shaped,the primary carving is a long-shaped mesh ornament,the mesh wall is thick,ridged,and the mesh is depressed inward,forming a closed system,but there are differences in the secondary carving.Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata(self-cross)and the hybrid Gastrodia seeds(Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata as a parent)have a net-like secondary carving,and the surface is rough,with fine lines-holes;Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow(selfing)and the hybrid Gastrodia elata(Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow as a parent)have a net-like carving,and the surface is smooth and nearly smooth-Shallow cave.3.Through measuring the length,width and weight of Gastrodia elata seedlings in the main production area of Gastrodia elata and analyzing the correlation effects of each index in grading,the tuber length and weight of Gastrodia elata seedlings were finally used as grading indexes.Using a stepwise cluster analysis method,preliminary grading quality standards for Gastrodia elata seedlings were established,which were divided into three levels,namely: Grade I Gastrodia elata seedlings: weight ≥ 19.83 g,length ≥ 68.78 mm;Grade II Gastrodia elata seedlings: 19.83 g Weight ≥ 0.76 g,68.78 mm> length ≥ 17.45 mm;Class III Gastrodia elata seedlings: weight <0.76 g,length <17.45 mm.Using the formulated grade standards for Gastrodia elata seedlings,the quality and yield of different types of Gastrodia elata seedlings can be judged.There were great differences in the quality grades of the four Gastrodia elata combinations.The rate of grade I of the hybrid Gastrodia elata seed was higher than that of the selfing type,Among the grade II,the proportion of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata and Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow were the highest,and the proportion of unqualified hybrids between Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata(self-cross)and Gastrodia elata hybrid combination was the lowest(Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata as a parent).The yield of Hybrid Gastrodia seed was higher than that of selfing,followed by Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata(self-cross)and Gastrodia elata Bl.form.glauca S.Chow(self-cross).4.From the aspects of soil type,altitude,cultivation methods,etc.,the optimal production conditions of Gastrodia elata seeds were studied.The results showed that under the comprehensive conditions of sandy soil,planting height in mid-altitude(900～1000 m)area and basket planting method,etc.,the quality and yield of Gastrodia elata seed seedling were improved.