The Population And The Influence Of Observers Of Blue Sheep And Red Deer In Helan Mountain Reserve,Inner Mongolia

In order to grasp the population number and population structure of blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)and red deer(Cervus elaphus)in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia,explore the influence of observers on the response behavior of blue sheep and red deer,and maintain the ecological balance of Helan Mountain in Inner Mongolia.From November to December 2017,April to June and November to December 2018,and April to June 2019,using the sample line method to observe the blue sheep and red deer in Inner Mongolia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve,and Distance R to analyze the observed data,estimate the population number and population density,and discuss the population structure.The research results are as follows:1.There were a large number of blue sheep in the protected area,and the probability of blue sheep observed in the sample line was very large and can be observed in each channel;there were many sample lines in the winter of 2017 and spring of 2018 where red deer entities were not observed,and the red deer were unevenly distributed.2.The maximum number of blue sheep in winter in 2018 was about 10558(6784～16432),the population density was 15.956(10.252～24.833)ind./km2,the encounter rate was 12.990 ind./km.The highest population of red deer in winter in 2018 was about 2452(1678～3578),the population density was 3.705(2.539～5.048)ind./km2,the encounter rate was 1.943 ind./km.3.A total of 6442 blue sheep were observed in the reserve,the encounter rate in the whole reserve was 11.51 ind./km,and the interannual change of the encounter rate was not significant(F=0.32,P=0.966);The frequency of occurrence of mixed groups was the highest,the frequency of occurrence of individuals was the lowest,and the difference of different cluster types in different seasons was extremely significant(P<0.001);The average group size of blue sheep was 5.205,and the group size was not significantly different in different seasons(P=0.128);The ratio of male to female has not changed much in different seasons,the ratio of female to juvenile in the spring of 2018 was 2.809:1.4.A total of 747 red deer were observed in the reserve,the encounter rate in the whole reserve was 1.335 ind./km,and the interannual change of the encounter rate was not significant(F=0.12,P=0.986);The frequency of occurrence of mixed groups was the highest,the frequency of occurrence of male groups was the lowest,and the difference of different cluster types in different seasons was extremely significant(P<0.001);The average group size of red deer was 1.304,and the group size was not significantly different in different seasons(P=0.132);The ratio of male to female has not changed much in different seasons,the ratio of female to juvenile in the spring of 2018 was 3.130:1.5.There were 5 variables that had a significant effect on the response behavior of blue sheep,including the source of interference,gender,head orientation,vegetation type and terrain characteristics.There were 4 variables related to the red deer’s response behavior,which were interference source,gender,head orientation and topographic features.6.Blue sheep and red deer were more vigilant to humans;females were more vigilant than males;the disturbed were the most vigilant when facing the source of interference;blue sheep and red deer had significantly higher vigilance and escape response on the slope in the ditch and the cliff;the vigilance of the blue sheep in the meadow will be relatively higher.