| The pecan(Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)k.Koch)is juglandaceae plants of the genus pecans.In recent years,with the continuous improvement of people’s living standard,the demand for nut nutritional food is also increasing,and the effect that pecan kernel has to prevent aging,maintain intestines and stomach,prevent hemal respect disease to also be discovered by people,accordingly pecan kernel also became recently hot food.In this paper,Jinhua no.1 thin shell pecan variety produced by yangbi in Yunnan province was used as raw material.Pecan fruit with thin shell was divided into four parts:pecan kernel,pecan shell,pecan wood and pecan meal.The components were extracted by soxhlet extraction with three different polar solvents.The analysis method adopts the advanced GC/MS,UPLC-QTOF-MS,infrared spectroscopy and other research methods,and the residue after extraction is analyzed for the first time,so that pecan pecan can be used for maximum resource utilization.Through comprehensive analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Pecan kernel:the average dry weight is 6.05g,the yield is 57.2%,the yield is 34.5%,and the yield is 5%.The soluble sugar content was 5.23%and the fat content was 74.7%.The relative fatty acids of pecans were oleic acid(70.40%),linoleic acid(21.07%),palmitate(5.30%),stearic acid(1.86%)and linolenic acid(0.98%).The relative content of oleic acid is higher than that of walnut,while the relative content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is lower than that of walnut.(2)Pecan meal:after GC/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS,it was found that pecan meal contained effective components such as linoleic acid,palmitic acid,hydroxymethyl-furfural,triosaccharide,butanol,vanillin lactone glycoside,sphingosinol,oleic acid amide,stearic acid amide,nd-glucosterol and codonynol.The analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that there were still more ketones,lipids or organic carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds in the residue after extraction.(3)Pecan shell:through GC/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS,it was found that the pecan shell contained geraniol,cymene,d-gamma-tocopherol,d-limonene,vanillin,decanol,sanduran,dendrobium,nd-sitosterol,new matrol and lycopine.After the analysis of ethanol,petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extraction residue of pecan shell by infrared spectroscopy,the peak reaction of aromatic compounds was found.Ketones,lipids or organic carboxylic acid compounds were found in all three extracts.(4)Hickory wood:after GC/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS,it was found that hickory wood contained effective components such as vanillin lactone glycoside,callus acid,palmitate,triosaccharide,aromatic alcohol,linoleic acid,n-sitosterol,alginosterol,muscatone,codonynol and new matrol.After analyzing the ethanol,petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract residue of pecan wood by infrared spectroscopy,it can be known that petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract residue have aromatic compounds,and the three extract residues all have ketones,lipids or organic carboxylic acid compounds.To sum up,Jinhua no.1 thin shell pecan has the advantages of high yield,high fat content,high oil yield,high unsaturated fatty acid content in oil crops,low sugar content and rich nutrients in nut food.In addition to the rest of the pecan guo largely abandoned in the daily production,through the research,we found that the pecan meal,shells,and distracted wood still contains more effective ingredients can be use,eugenol,vanillin,geraniol,cymene,D-limonene,aromatic alcohols,musk ketone,etc.Can be used as a spice and edible essence of materials.Na-sitosterol,sphingosinol,sonofuran A,dendrobium basine and alginosterol are all effective components.Therefore,if the rest of the pecan fruit after mass production is collected,large-scale extraction is carried out uniformly,and extraction technology is constantly optimized,these substances can be fully utilized and make the best use of everything.The whole utilization of pecan nut was realized. |
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