Adaptability Evaluation Of Oat Introduction And Effect Of Sowing Date On Growth And Yield Shape

Avena sativa Las a substitute crop of high quality forage and alfalfa rotation in the north of China,play an important role in the adjustment of planting structure.The introduction and domestication of different oats germplasm resources is the early work of breeding good varieties suitable for Tongliao area,and is also an effective measure to optimize the structure of Agriculture and animal husbandry industry and promote the development of green economy.In this experiment 17 foreign varieties of oat were introduced,their genetic diversity was analyzed,their agronomic characters,nutritional components and yield were analyzed comprehensively,and their adaptability in this area was evaluated.In order to select the high-yield and high-quality varieties suitable for the West Liaohe plain area and determine the most suitable sowing time,the characteristics of flower bud differentiation and the effects of different accumulated temperature changes on agronomy,yield and variety characters of oats were studied.The main results are as follows:1.According to the long-term growth of the oat,17 varieties were divided into two types:late maturing type and super late maturing type,among which the late maturing varieties were:MEDA,Monica,Junma,Tianyan,Wrangler and mutelli;the super late maturing varieties were mulex,Haiwei,Muwang,gunner,aiwo,charm,yanwang,Baylor and Taiyang God,leader,Menglong.2.The genetic diversity of 17 oat varieties was analyzed.The results showed that the variation coefficient of spike length was the highest,which was 25%.It showed that there was a big difference in spike length among the tested oat varieties,and the variation coefficients of other traits were hay yield,tiller number,plant height,crude egg white,crude fat,grain yield,acid washing fiber and crude ash from high to low.The index of genetic diversity from high to low was hay yield,ear length,plant height,tiller number,crude protein,acid washing fiber,crude ash,crude fat and grain yield.3.Through the principal component analysis of 17 oat agronomic characters in 2017 and 2018,the top 3 varieties in the 2-year comprehensive ranking of 17 oat varieties were mules,AVO and gunner.These varieties have excellent comprehensive quality,outstanding comprehensive performance and good adaptability.Muleos,charisma and Gunners are among the top three hay producers in two years.Among the grain yield,mules,aiwo and charm are better.Therefore,mules is the best variety among the tested varieties.4.In the four sowing dates,the differentiation time of single ridge and two ridge was shortened with the delay of sowing date,and the difference of differentiation time of single ridge and two ridge was larger with the delay of sowing date,which indicated that the single ridge and two ridge of oat flower bud were significantly affected by sowing date;when the varieties were in the differentiation period of protecting spikelet,the differentiation degree of oats in each sowing date was basically the same.The cumulative effective accumulated temperature of different varieties in the same flower bud differentiation stage at different sowing dates is similar,from emergence to glume protection differentiation stage accounts for about 50%of the accumulated temperature from emergence to pistil and stamen differentiation stage,and from emergence to glume protection differentiation stage accounts for about 70%of the accumulated temperature from emergence to pistil and stamen differentiation stage.5.The plant height increased with the delay of sowing time,the stem leaf ratio decreased with the delay of sowing time,while the leaf area increased with the delay of sowing time.Among the six materials,the dry grass yield and grain yield were the highest on April 15,followed by March 31,and the lowest yield character was on May 15.