Effects Of Fertilization And Planting Patterns On Water And Fertilizer Utilization And Soil Environment In Wheat And Maize Rotation

Winter wheat summer maize rotation is the main crop planting mode in Hebei Province.Long term unreasonable fertilization and extensive management lead to soil environment deterioration.In this paper,the split plot design of winter wheat variety fertilization level and Summer Maize Variety Planting Mode fertilization level were used to study the effects of fertilization and planting mode on the growth and development,yield,water and fertilizer utilization characteristics,soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial diversity of different varieties of crops,so as to improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources of crops,improve the soil environment,and make the regional winter small Wheat summer maize rotation system provides theoretical basis and technical support for efficient production of water and fertilizer.The main results are as follows(1)The grain yield of winter wheat reached 9069.5kg/hm2 under medium fertilizer The results showed that the total nutrient uptake of winter wheat was higher under medium and high fertilizer levels,but less nutrients were transferred from stems and leaves to panicles at high fertilizer levels,which affected the formation of grain yield.At the same time,it was found that the water consumption of Winter Wheat in the early stage was higher than that of low fertilizer and high fertilizer.The partial productivity of nitrogen and potassium was the highest in low and medium fertilizer,and the partial productivity of nitrogen reached 14.93～17.58 kg/kg.The partial productivity of potassium fertilizer was 24.45～28.79 kg/kg.Considering the yield factors comprehensively,medium fertilizer is better than low fertilizer.The grain yield of summer maize was higher in medium and high fertilizer,and the highest yield was 12853.4 kg/hm2.Considering the economic principle,the medium fertilizer was better than the high fertilizer.The diversity and richness of fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Landyu 6 and Xianyu 335 were the best at the middle fertilizer stage,and the bacterial diversity and richness of Xianyu 1360 were also the best under the medium fertilizer.(2)The highest yield of Jimai 6358 was 17.77%lower than that of Shixin 828,which was mainly due to the fact that the number of ears and grains per spike of Jimai 6358 was much lower than that of the latter,and the WUE of Shixin 828 was 6.02%higher than that of Jimai 6358 at medium fertilizer level,and the number of fungal OTUs and Chaol index of Shixin 828 were 46.25%and 42.24%higher than that of Jimai 6358,and the number of OTUs and Chaol index of bacteria in the former were 1 higher than that of Jimai 635816%and 7.50%.(3)The peak grain yield of the two maize varieties appeared in the middle fertilizerwhich were 12853.4 kg/hm2 and 12091.5 kg/hm2.The WUE of Landeyu 6 reached a higher level of 3.86 g/kg in the medium fertilizer+wide narrow row with the highest grain yield.Before the maturity stage,the soil pH value of Landyu 6 under wide narrow row planting was higher than that under equal row spacing cultivation.The contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus in the soil under wide narrow row planting were significantly higher,and the total nitrogen content in wide narrow row planting was also significantly higher than that in equal row spacing under medium fertilizer.The results showed that the number of bacteria OTUs and Chao1 index were higher in the medium fertilizer+wide narrow row,but the fungal level was low.The OTUs number and Chao1 index were 9.79%and 12.28%lower than the average level.However,the increase of soil compaction in wide narrow row planting is also a problem that can not be ignored.The WUE of Xianyu 1360 was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The content of organic matter in surface soil of 6-leaf development and filling stage was higher than that of wide and narrow row planting at the same row spacing.At the highest yield,the diversity and richness of bacteria and fungi were higher than the average level.The water content and soil compactness of the same row spacing planting soil were good,but the adaptability of the variety to the environment was weak.Xianyu 335 was not considered because of its low WUE level and low yield performance.Medium fertilizer is the recommended amount of fertilizer,Shixin 828 is the recommended winter wheat variety,and Landyu 6+wide narrow row planting and Xianyu 1360+equal row spacing planting are recommended for summer maize planting.