| The long-term application of drip irrigation under mulch in southern Xinjiang has made the problem of residual film pollution more serious.Based on long-term soil quality considerations,the promotion of cotton cultivation mode without mulching drip irrigation may become an effective way to solve the residual film pollution in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang.Therefore,in view of the future demand for large-scale promotion and application of cotton without mulching drip irrigation,this article was carried out in2018-2019 at the Key Laboratory of Crop Water Demand and Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Irrigation Test Station of the Aral City Water Conservancy Bureau,the First Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Indoor and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of water,heat,salt and other environmental factors on the germination characteristics of cotton seeds,and the distribution of drip irrigation belts and irrigation quotas on the distribution characteristics of water,heat and salt,cotton water consumption characteristics,growth and development The main research results of the impact of yield and quality are as follows:(1)Both Zhongmian"619"and Xinluzhong"37"have higher temperature requirements,while Zhongmian"619"is better than Xinluzhong"37"in salt tolerance and drought resistance,in which the temperature has an effect on seed germination Very significant level(P<0.01),salinity reached a significant level(P<0.05),but moisture and interaction did not reach a significant level.The suitable temperature for germination of cotton"619"in cotton seedless drip irrigation is 25?,the salt zone is 0.1-0.4%,and the moisture range is 7.5-15%.(2)The distribution of water,heat and salt in the cotton field without mulching drip irrigation are as follows:the change period of the soil water content is consistent with the irrigation cycle,and the soil salt and temperature are opposite.The arrangement of drip irrigation belts in 2 belts and 4 rows of cotton has a wide and narrow row of soil moisture content higher than 1 belt 4 rows,while soil salinity and temperature are lower than 1 belt 4 rows.With the increase of irrigation quota,soil water content showed an increasing trend,while soil salinity and soil temperature showed a decreasing trend,and the larger the irrigation quota,the better the desalination effect and the more obvious the temperature decrease.At the same time,the changes of soil water,heat and salt under drip irrigation under mulch were the same as those without mulching drip irrigation,but the soil moisture,temperature and desalination rate were higher than those drip irrigation without mulching.(3)The water consumption characteristics of cotton without film drip irrigation are as follows:the daily water consumption intensity at the seedling stage of cotton is low;entering the bud stage,the daily water consumption intensity increases significantly and reaches the maximum value;by the flowering stage,the daily water consumption intensity decreases slightly.The water consumption of cotton in the 2 belts 4rows drip irrigation belt arrangement is slightly higher than that in the 1 belt 4 rows,and gradually increases with the increase of the irrigation quota.The irrigation quota is 27 mm,36 mm,45 mm,54 mm,and 63 mm.They were 334.42 mm,412.73 mm,489.19 mm,561.57 mm,and 639.81 mm,respectively,which the water consumption of cotton without mulching drip irrigation 36 mm and 54 mm increased by0.51%and 36.75%compared with 36 mm drip irrigation under mulch.(4)The suitable arrangement of drip irrigation tape for drip irrigation cotton without mulching is 2belts 4 rows.The arrangement method of 2 belts 4 rows of drip irrigation belts is higher than that of 1 belt 4rows of drip irrigation belts in terms of cotton plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation above ground,yield components and water use efficiency.The seed cotton yield of the 2 belts 4 rows drip irrigation belt arrangement is 5122.91 kg/hm~2,and the water use efficiency is 1.14 kg/m~3,while the drip irrigation belt arrangement has no significant effect on cotton quality.(5)The suitable irrigation quota for drip irrigation cotton without mulching is 54 mm,and the irrigation frequency is 10 times.Cotton plant height,leaf area,aboveground dry matter accumulation and yield components all increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation quota.When the irrigation quota was 54 mm,the yield of seed cotton reached 5999.49 kg/hm~2.The efficiency gradually decreases with the increase of the irrigation quota.The maximum irrigation quota is 27 mm,which is 1.69kg/m~3,and the cotton quality is slightly improved with the increase of the irrigation quota.The yield of cotton without mulching drip irrigation and the water use efficiency of cotton were both lower than that under drip irrigation,which decreased by 14.25%and 14.04%respectively.However,increasing the irrigation quota of cotton without mulching drip irrigation only reduced the cotton yield by 2.54%... |
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