Investigation Of Production Status And Study On Key Techniques For High-yield Cultivation Of ’Majiang Hongsuan’

Garlic {Allium sativum L.)is a biennial herbal plant of the family Lilium,and it is an important medicinal and edible vegetable.The vast majority of garlic does not produce seeds,with underground bulbs for asexual reproduction.After a long period of self-reproduction and self-cultivation,the garlic seeds are not rejuvenated,and the accumulation of viruses causes the garlic to be easy to degrade,and its quality and yield are reduced.At the same time,unreasonable cultivation and management methods will also lead to a sharp drop in garlic production.’Majiang Hongsuan’ is a high-quality and special cultivar of Majiang County in Guizhou’s southeastern Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.The Hongsuan industry is also one of the preponderant industries in Majiang.However,in recent years,its output has decreased,its quality has deteriorated,and its cultivation scale has sharply declined,which has severely limited the development of the red garlic industry.Therefore,there is an urgent need to improve the cultivation techniques to increase the production of red garlic.For the problem of the decline in the production of "Majiang Hongsuan",investigated its cultivation status,summarized the experience of highi-yield cultivation,and found out the key cultivation technology problems;according to the existing problems,the size and planting density of the species were studied.The effect of the growth and yield of red garlic,determine the minimum selection criteria for red garlic,and select a combination of good plant size and planting density to provide the basis for the high-yield cultivation of ’Majiang Hongsuan’.Simultaneously,the "Mingjiang Hongsuan,bubils were continuously planted to clarify the growth and development eharacteristies of the zero generation and first generation,that were the foundation for the use of the bubils rejuvenation method in garlic cultivation.The main surveys and research results are as follows:1.Through the survey,it was found that Xianchang Town,Majiang County is the main area for the cultivation of "Majiang Hongsuan",with a total area of 133.4 ha,but each household has a small planting area,accounting for 35%of the households with less than 667 m2.The overall output of garlic was low,with an average yield of 435 kg/667 m2,which was decreased by 48.2%compare to the previous average yield of 840 kg/667 m2.There are some problems in the cultivation and management,such as lax selection of seeds,low cultivated density,simple types of fertilization,and extensive management.According to these problems,we proposed countermeasures and suggestions for selection and retention seed,grading planting,reasonable close-planting,and balanced fertilization.2.The size of the seed had a significant effect on the diameter of the pseudostem,the width of the leaf,the weight of the fresh plant,the bolting rate,the weight of the bulb and the weight of per clove but did not affect on the plant height and the length of the pseudostem.With the increase of the weight of the species,the pseudostem become thicker,the leaves become wider,the weight of per clove increased,the rate of bolting decreased,and the fresh weight of the garlic increased.In the Majiang region,the garlic yield of the large seed was significantly higher than that of medium and small one.In Nanjing,there was no significant difference between the yield of the middle and large seed,but both yields were higher than that of the small seed.Production in Nanjing is higher than that in Majiang.Therefore,regardless of the territory,medium seed(1.6 g/clove)or larger one should be selected for sowing.In Majiang,the best choice is to plant garlic seeds greater than 2.2 g/clove.3.The size of garlic and cloves and the plant density had a significant effect on the growth and production of red garlic.The size of garlic and cloves influenced plant size,leaf width,leaf number,plant weight,frigid Index,single weight and single head weight significantly.Planting density had a significant effect on the weight of red garlic,bolting rate and yield of garlic bolting,but had no significant effect on growth indicators and garlic yield.There was no significant interaction between the size and planting density of the species on the growth and yield of "Majiang Hongsuan".With the decrease of seed weight,the plant showed a reducing growth potential,the frigid index increased,and the yields of garlic bolts and garlic bulbs decreased.Among the different treatment combinations,40,000 strains/667 m2 density combined with garlic seed about 4.0-5.4 g/clove resulted in the highest yield and output value of garlic bolts;the combination with medium garlic seed about 2.7-3.9 g/clove yields the highest bulb yield and benefit.From the perspective of economic efficiency,the latter one is the best planting combination.4.After ’Majiang Hongsuan1 bublis were sown,the vigorously growing plant can be divided and bolting within one year.The rate of splitting in the first generation was 36%,and the average number of cloves were 3.17.The average weight of clove was 3.4 g.The average weight of split bulb was 8.5 g.The average weight of single bulb was 4.9 g.And the bulb whose weight less than 4 g didn,t split.The yield of bubils was 264 kg/667 m2,37.7 times of the bublis seed(7 kg).The plant growth of the the first generation(a plant from the first-generation bulb)was better than the conventional seeds,and the first generation also has a strong cold resistance.Its yield of bolts and bulbs were both higher than those of conventional species.The average bolting rate of the first generation was 66.3%,showing no significant difference from that of the conventional species.The bolt of big single seed(L)was thicker and its single bolt weight was heavier.The yield of garlic bolt was 161 kg/667 m2,which is slightly lower than that of the conventional large-sized garlic seeds(189.4 kg/667 m2).Except for 5.8%small single bulb(S),the other two types bulb from first generation single bulb can all be splited.The second-generation bulb was larger,and the quality was better.The bulb has an average diameter of 3.5 cm,and the bulb weight proportion of the diameter beyond 4 cm was 67%in the L and S.The yield of L type was the highest,approximating the yield of conventional seed of 4.1-4.5 g/clove.As a result,the variety characteristics of large single bulb from the first bublis generation has been significantly enhanced,its plant growth is good,and the yield of bolts and bulbs are high.