Study On Growth And Development,Nutrition And Water Absorption Of Two Horticultural Crops

The vegetative growth and fruit quality of horticultural crops are closely related to fertilization and irrigation,while fertilization and irrigation of horticultural crops is very difficult to precisely control under field conditions.It is crucial to study on nutrition and water absorption of crops and use the appropriate fertilization and irrigation strategies in different phenological periods.This experiment studied the growth and development,nutrition and water absorption of two horticultural crops respectively.The experimental material was puhong968 tomato cultivated in capillary force cultivation system which could supply recycling nutrient solution of different concentration(1.0,2.0,3.0 and 6.0 mS/cm),the tomato plant vegetative growth,fruit quality and mineral elements absorption were investigated.The experimental material was 6-year-old Xuxiang kiwifruit cultivated in perlite medium which could supply recycling Hoagland nutrient solution of low,medium and high concentrations(N concentration were 60 mg/L,120 mg/L and 180 mg/L respectively),the vegetative growth,fruit development and quality,the absorption of mineral elements and water were investigated.We compared with common orchard in the same variety and age.The results revealed that:(1)Plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,stem diameter of 1 cm below each inflorescence,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of nutrient solution concentration.Tomato production declined and fruit diameter decreased with the increase of nutrient solution concentration.Under the treatment of3.0 mS/cm,the tomato had higher sugar,soluble solids and lycopene content,lower acidity,and the fruit quality was the best.Based on better vegetative growth and the best fruit quality,we confirmed that the suitable nutrient solution concentration was 3.0 mS/cm under capillary force cultivation system,and the net absorbing amount of each element for per plant was N 5.71 g,K 4.69 g,Ca 4.54 g,Mg 2.48 g,P 1.87 g.(2)The shoot length of medium concentration treatment was significantly greater than the low,high concentration treatment and control.The shoot diameter of medium,high concentration treatment and control were significantly greater than the low concentration treatment.The leaf area of control was significantly higher than the treatments in flowering period,while the difference was not significant in fruit maturation period.The fruit vertical and transverse diameter,weight and titratable acidity of medium concentration treatment were greater than the low and high concentration treatment.The fructose,glucose and total sugar contents of medium and low concentration treatment were significantly greater than the high concentration treatment.The soluble solids and fruit index of control were significantly different from treatments.The absorption of mineral elements and water among the treatments were proportional to the nutrient solution concentration.The average daily absorption of mineral elements and water among the treatments increased at first and decreased subsequently,which peaked in fruit slowly growing period or maturation period.Under the condition of medium concentration treatment(N 120mg/L),the kiwifruit had the best vegetative growth and fruit quality,and the net absorbing amounts of each element for 666.7 m~2 was:N 17.68 kg,P 2.64 kg,K 19.81 kg,Ca 12.10 kg,Mg 3.48 kg,Fe 243.69 g,B 40.2 g,Mn 43.61 g,Cu 4.28 g,Zn 1.74 g,water 204.03 m~3.