Study On The Development Of Fishery Cooperatives In Chinese Coastal Small-scale Fisheries Management

Small-scale fisheries have made a significant contribution to poverty alleviation and food security in the world.More and more countries and scholars believe that small-scale fisheries play an important role in food security,prevention and poverty alleviation in developing countries.In July 2016,the FAO Fisheries Commission reaffirmed in the report of its thirty-second session the multiple aspects of small-scale fisheries in poverty reduction,food security,nutrition,social integration,stability and development,cultural values,income generation,employment,and livelihoods.According to FAO statistics,50% of fish directly consumed by humans come from small-scale fisheries,and almost all of their fish are used for food.However,with the rapid development of the industrialized economy,a large amount of resources available to small-scale fishers,especially trawlers have been exhausted by industrial fisheries,which have caused the near-shore fisheries and their nearby fishery resources to be exhausted.A wide variety of scattered small-scale fisheries are increasingly separated from the mainstream of economic development,and there is a trend of marginalization,which is in danger of being swallowed up by industrial fisheries.Therefore,the organization and large-scale management of small-scale fisheries is the key to solving the continuous decline of small-scale fishery resources.The construction of fishery cooperatives plays an increasingly important role in small-scale fisheries management,making small-scale fisheries management more organized and large-scale,and also protecting the vital interests of fishermen to a certain extent.The organized and large-scale management of small-scale fisheries and the realization of government and fishery cooperatives’ co-management in small-scale fisheries are the international trend of small-scale fisheries management,and will also be the trend of Chinese small-scale fisheries management.This paper mainly uses research methods such as literature analysis,field research,special seminars and academic exchanges,with the theory of joint management and self-governance theory as the theoretical basis.First of all,a large amount of literature has been read,compiled and analyzed,and relevant data and management experience of small-scale fisheries management in FAO and the world,and the development status and management mode of small-scale fishery cooperatives have been studied and analyzed.Secondly,the company conducted in-depth research on small-scale fishery and fishery cooperatives at home and abroad,mainly including Iwate Prefecture of Japan,Dongying of Shandong,Zhoushan,Taizhou of Zhejiang in China and so on.The nature of the fishery cooperatives,the structure of the fishery cooperatives,the function of fishery cooperatives,the source of funding of the fishery cooperatives,the relationship between the fishery cooperatives and the government authorities have compared and analyzed between the small-scale fishery cooperatives in China,and the successful experiences of the development of fishery cooperatives in the management of small-scale fisheries in Japan and the United States have been analyzed.The management model of fishery cooperatives is unable to solve the problem of overfishing and recession of fishery resources fundamentally.There are problems such as lack of self-governance,imperfect organizational structure,unregulated operation,the lack of endogenous motivation passive regulation,crisis of trust because of the lack of cooperation in the role of cooperatives,and insufficient social incentives because of the lack of reward and punishment mechanisms and so on.Furthermore,on the basis of the investigation and overall analysis of Chinese small-scale fishery cooperatives,it is found that the small-scale fishery cooperatives in China mainly exist in the form of fishermen professional cooperatives.In view of the problems existing in the development of fishery cooperatives in Chinese small-scale fisheries management,it is suggested that the development of small-scale fishery self-governance cooperatives should give them the power to manage fisheries,innovative fisheries management systems,improvement of organizational structure,strict operation in accordance with the organization’s charter,enhancement of trust mechanisms,increase of social incentives and select some areas for piloting.We will improve the overall construction of small-scale fishery and fishery cooperatives in China as soon as possible,and give them substantial powers to manage small-scale fisheries in order to achieve self-governance and supervision of the fishery cooperatives itself and accelerate the improvement of corresponding legal systems and policies.Finally,while introducing the innovations of this article,it also reflects on the inadequacies of the research.Mainly the articles and data obtained from the field research on the development of fishery cooperatives in the management of small-scale fisheries at home and abroad are only representative and not comprehensive.Moreover,the government will involve many problems in the practice of granting fisheries management right to small-scale fishery cooperatives,such as conflicts with Chinese laws,relations with other industries,and new problems that may need further study.