| Anhui province is located in the largest spring and summer maize of Huanghuai Plain in China.Maize planting plays a vital role in production and life of Anhui province.In recent years,unreasonable farming systems and straw returning have caused serious maize pests and diseases in Anhui province,which has been threatening the yield and quality of maize.Maize ear rot is one of the high-incident disease of maize,Fusarium is an important pathogen of maize ear rot,and fumonisin B1 is the main mycotoxin produced by Fusarium.In China,there are few researchs on Fusarium and fumonisin B1 of the maize ear rot in Anhui province.The paper did some research about the main species and distribution characteristics of Fusarium in the major maize production areas of Anhui province and the influencing factors of FB1 yield.The research results have scientific and theoretical significance for guiding the comprehensive control of maize ear rot and reducing the yield of FB1 in Anhui province.In the paper,samples of maize ear rot were isolated and identificated,whih were collected from 6 major maize production areas in Anhui province.And it obtained the main species and distribution characteristics of Fusarium.From the identification results,the dominant pathogen,Fusarium verticillioide,was selected to inoculate fungus of laboratory test and spore suspension of field test,which was detected the FB1 yield and studied the relationship between different factors and FB1 synthesis.The main findings are as follows:1.In 2017,226 samples of maize ear rot were collected from 6 major maize production areas in Hefei,Bengbu,Huaibei,Fuyang,Bozhou and Suzhou of Anhui province.The samples isolated 680 strains by single spore separation.By morphological and molecular biological identification,the isolated 680 strains belong to Fusarium spp.,Penicillium spp.,Pythium spp.,Trichoderma spp.,and Aspergillus spp..Among them,there are 455 strains of Fusarium spp.,and its isolation frequency is 66.91%,which is the dominant pathogen of maize ear rot in Anhui province.The results of isolation and identification in each region show that Fusarium verticillioide had the highest isolation frequency in all regions,followed by Fusarium graminearum species complex.Therefore,Fusarium verticillioide and Fusarium graminearum species complex are the main pathogens of Fusarium in Anhui province.2.Three strains of Fusarium verticillioide were randomly selected from each region as the tested strain,and the strains were inoculated to the same maize variety,Longping 206.By comparing the results of indoor test and field test,it is found that the FB1 production in the northern regions of Huaibei,Bozhou and Fuyang,is larger than that in the southern regions of Hefei,Suzhou and Bengbu in Anhui province.3.FY11,the high-toxin-production strain of Fusarium verticillioide,was inoculated into flint maize,semi-dent maize and dent maize.The results show that the average yield of FB1 is dent maize,semi-dent maize and flint maize from large to small range and the results of indoor test and field test were basically the same.4.The field virulence test was divided into two groups.One group was inoculated with the same maize variety Longping206 by 3 strains of Fusarium verticillioide randomly selected from each region,and the other group was inoculated with 3 species of flint maize,semi-dent maize and dent maize with the same strain of Fusarium verticillioide FY11.In the milk-ripe period,the disease incidence grade was calculated according to the disease classification grading standard and the disease index was calculated of maize ear rot.By analyzing the results of two groups,it is found that the disease index is positively correlated with the yield of FB1.When the incidence of maize ear rot is serious,more FB1 is synthesized,and vice versa. |
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