Comparison Of Vegetative Growth And Fruit Characteristics In Grafted And Tiller Propagated Plants Of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill Cv.Lingwuchangzao

Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv.lingwuchangzao is a kind of fresh jujube in Ningxia.It is propagated mainly by root tillering and grafting.In production,it was found that the fruits of the plants propagated by these two methods have slightly different tastes.However,the study on the difference of fruit quality and growth characteristics has not been reported.In this experiment,the differences from Ziziphus jujuba with two reproduction modes on plant morphology and growth as well as fruit morphology and nutritional quality in three planting bases were measured and compared by combining field investigation and lab analysis.In addition,transcriptome sequencing and metabolome detection were performed on the mature jujube fruit of typical plants with differences,and the differentially expressed genes were screened.The results show that:1.There were differences in the growth of jujube suspender and secondary branch morphology between the lingwu jujube with tillering and grafting.In Daquan Farm and Garden spot,the net growth rate of hanging length of jujube was 33.82%and 4.28%higher than that of tillers.In Daquan Farm and Zhongxi jujube planting base,the net crude growh rate of jujube hanging increased by 19.47%and 3.22%,respectively.In Zhongxi jujube planting base,Daquan Farm and Garden spot,the number of nodes of grafted plants decreased by 17.86%,13.79%and 32.61%,the node spacing increased by 4.17%,14.58%and 35.45%,and the internode Angle increased by 6.83%,2.33%and 3.33%,respectively.Therefore,the hanging of the Ziziphus jujuba with grafting,which has fewer secondary branches,longer node spacing and larger internode Angle,grow faster than those of the root tillering propagated plants.2.There were some differences in leaf photosynthetic characteristics between the lingwu jujube with tillering and grafting.In the flowering period,the chlorophyll content of tiller plants was I1.13%and 12.58%higher than that of grafted plants in Daquan Farm and Garden spot;In the white ripening stage of the fruit,the chlorophyll content of tiller plants was 13.91%higher than grafted plants in Zhongxi jujube planting base:At the stage of fruit enlargement,the intercellular CO2 concentrations of tiller plants in Zhongxi jujube planting base,Daquan Farm and Garden spot,were 21.44%,2.64%and 0.51%higher than those of grafted plants,respectively,and the transpiration rates were 27.54%,58.39%and 17.69%higher,respectively.Therefore,the chlorophyll content in root tillering propagated plants of lingwu jujube was higher than that of grafted propagated plants,and the stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of the leaves were also higher than those of grafted propagated plants,with stronger photosynthetic ability.3.There were significant differences in the total amount and distribution of root system between the lingwu jujube with tillering and grafting.In Zhongxi jujube planting base,the total root system of tiller plants was 3.71 times that of grafted plants,and the percentage of capillary roots with thickness<1 mm was 38.37%higher than that of grafted plants.In Daquan Farm,the total root system of grafted plants was 52.38%more than that of tiller plants,and the capillarity<1 mm accounted for 12.74%more than that of tiller plants.In Garden spot,the capillaries of grafted plants with a coarseness<1 mm accounted for 11.90%greater than that of tiller plants.On the whole,the root system of grafted and propagated jujube was distributed more in the deep soil,and the effective absorption roots with the thickness<2 mm were more than those of tiller plants.4.The fruit morphology and organic acid content of lingwu jujube were different under the two breeding methods.Compared with fruits of root tillering propagated plants,fruits of grafted plants in Zhongxi jujube planting base,Daquan Farm and Garden spot,were 2.08%,3.15%and 4.87%larger in longitudinal diameter,5.60%,21.20%and 6.36%larger in single fruit weight,and their hardness increased by 6.16%,11.38%and 20.28%,respectively.The content of organic acid in fruits of grafted plants in Zhongxi jujube planting base,Daquan Farn and Garden spot was low,which was 30.30%,7.90%and 22.24%lower than that of the root tillering propagated plants respectively,and the sugar acid ratio was 72.45%,48.99%and 13.35%higher than that of the root tillering propagated plants respectively.Therefore,the fruit diameter,weight and hardness of grafted plants were larger than those of tiller plants,and the content of organic acid was lower and the sugar acid ratio was higher.5,Transcriptome sequencing was performed on mature fruits of lingwu jujube with two breeding methods in Garden spot,and 27 differentially expressed genes were obtained,including 9 up-regulated genes and 18 down-regulated genes.Gene Ontology functional annotation indicated that in the flesh of lingwu jujube,the genes related to transition metal ion binding function were the most expressed,with a total of 5 genes.KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in 12 metabolic pathways,and the genes annotated by metabolic pathways and biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites were the most.Differential genes and metabolites were mainly related tothe anabolism of organic acids and amino acids,and a total of 6 key genes and 12 key metabolites were screened.