The Microbial Diversity In The Mushroom Bran Composting Environment And The Effect Of Compost Application On Tomato Cultivation In A Cold Region

With the development of edible fungi industry in China,the annual output of edible fungi keep rising,and the disposal of waste mushroom bran has become a serious environmental problem.In this study,the compost,maturity and microbial diversity were analized using the mushroom bran as the material during the composting process.And the effect of compost on tomato growth and quality was carried out.In this study,the mushroom bran has been used as compost material,and the initial volume of compost material was set as 3.84 m3.The physical and chemical indicators in the composting environment were sampled and measured during different periods.The results showed that in the case of an average ambient temperature of 6.8℃,the period of heap temperature in the high-temperature more than 50 ℃was maintaining a total of 27 days,the maximum temperature achieved 68.3℃.End of the composting after 49 days,the p H value of material was 8.49.The C/N was 17.98 and the seed germination index was 85.5%.It could be judged that the material was completely decomposed.The organic matter content of decomposed material was 65.3%,and the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium was 1.37%,0.65%,and0.34%,respectively.The microbial diversity during the composting of Auricularia auricula bran was studied by high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that,at the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria were the main bacterial dominant bacteria.The dominant fungi were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Zygomycota.The Euryarchaeota was only detected,and its relative abundance was only 0.01%.At the genus level,the common dominant genus is Sphingobacterium,Flavobacterium and Devosia.The changes of the fungal community were regular.The Auricularia,Trichoderma,Graphium and Coniochaeta were relatively abundant in the early stage of composting,while the Coprinus,Mycothermus,and Thermomyces predominated in the late composting period.In the archaea community,only Methanosaeta was detected,with a relative abundance of only 0.01%.For the tomato planting,the mature compost was applied by different amount(CK: 0kg·hm-2,A: 7500 kg·hm-2,B: 15000 kg·hm-2,C: 22500 kg·hm-2,D: 30000 kg·hm-2).The results showed that when the amount of mature compost was used as 15000 kg·hm-2,the content of soluble protein and vitamin C in tomato fruit increased significantly,which increased by 18.37%and 13.52%,respectively.According to the production,development,yield and quality of tomatoes,the 22500 kg·hm-2 of mature compost was optimal application amount to tomato cultivation,which could increase the plant height by 9.1%,increase the stem diameter by 11.28%,increase the dry weight of aboveground plant part by 16.44%,increase the yield by 13.91%,increase the soluble sugar content by 30.56%,increase the vitamin C content by 12.84%,increase the lycopene content by 29.96%,and also increase the nitrate in tomatoes,the nitrate content significantly increased by 16.77%.In summary,in the case of an average ambient temperature of 6.8℃,the mushroom bran was processed by composting for 49 days,and the material reached a state of complete maturity.We found that during the composting of mushroom bran,the richness of bacterial community gradually decreased,and the diversity first decreased and then increased.The richness of the fungal community first decreased and then stabilized,and the diversity gradually increased.The growth of the archaeal community was inhibited,and the richness and diversity were in a low state.When the mature compost of mushroom bran was used in the amount of 15000kg·hm-2~22500 kg·hm-2,it could promote the growth of tomatoes,increase the yield of tomatoes,and improve the quality of tomatoes.