| Grassland ecosystem is an important part of ecosystem,it contains enormous economic values and ecological values.Three-River Headwaters region(TRH)is an important ecological function zone in China.The ecological environment of this region directly affects the ecological security of China and Southeast Asian countries.Accurate and reasonable accounting of grassland ecological service value in TRH not only provides the relevant departments with reference comments in ecological compensation work,but also help people understand the coordinated development of the economy and ecology in TRH.It helps us make reasonable decisions in ecological environment protection.According to the combing of the connotation of ecological compensation,this study calculates the loss of ecological service value under the grassland vegetation degradation scenario and uses it as a reasonable ecological compensation amount.Based on this,we discuss the status quo and existing problems of the ecological compensation policy in TRH,and reasonable suggestions were put forward for establishing a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism in TRH.This study aims to establish a reasonable ecological compensation standard,and combines of material and value calculation.Under the circumstances of considering the influence of different grassland vegetation types,climatic conditions and vegetation coverage in the study area,an ecosystem service value evaluation index system suitable for the study area was constructed.Based on this,the changes of grassland ecosystem service value in TRH from 2000 to 2015 were estimated,and the internal driving factors of grassland ecosystem value change in TRH were analyzed.The results show that:(1)During the 16 years from 2000 to 2015,the value of grassland ecological services in TRH showed the upward trend of volatility.The average value in 16 years reached 137.839 billion yuan,it increases about 43.783 billion yuan from 2000 to 2015.(2)Among the service function values,the value of water conservation value is the largest,accounting for more than 50%of the total value,followed by climate regulation value,soil conservation value,food supply value and air quality regulation value;(3)Among the grassland types,the eco-service value of alpine meadows is the highest,reaching 98.427 billion yuan in 2015,accounting for 80%of the total service value of the whole region,followed by alpine grassland,warm mountain meadows,warm grassland,alpine desert grassland,warm desert grassland and alpine desert.The highest of per unit area eco-service value is the warm mountain meadows,which can reach 11272.85 yuan/hm~2;(4)Compared with artificial factors and vegetation cover factors,climatic factors are the main driving factors affecting the value of grassland ecological services.Among them,precipitation has a more significant effect on the change of grassland ecological service value than temperature;(5)In 2015,the total value of grassland ecosystem services in TRH was 153.453 billion yuan.When the grassland degradation degree in TRH was completely restored,the grassland ecological service value in this region could reach 265.914 billion yuan.It is more reasonable to set the ecological compensation quota based on the complete restoration of grassland degradation to 112.438 billion yuan. |
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