Study On The Habitat And Quantitative Traits Of Wild Actinidia Arguta In Changbai Mountain

The wild resources of Actinidia arguta are rich and have great prospects for development and utilization.In recent years,the world has been paying close attention to Actinidia arguta and has begun industrial cultivation.However,the shortage of varieties has greatly restricted the development of the industry.In order to develop and utilize the wild resources of Actinidia arguta and variety breeding,it is urgent to collect and evaluate the wild resources of Actinidia arguta.Based on this,we collected 73 fruits and leaves of wild Actinidia arguta from 11 sampling points in Changbai Mountain in 2017,analyzed the genetic diversity of 7 major quantitative traits and established grading standards and proposed two reference species.It provides a theoretical reference for the standardization of wild resources of Actinidia arguta description,it also lays the foundation for germplasm innovation and variety selection.By investigating the topography and associated plants of the Actinidia arguta growing area,collecting meteorological data and taking soil samples,the habitat conditions of wild Actinidia arguta in Changbai Mountain were determined,which provided basic data for artificial domestication and cultivation of Actinidia arguta.The experimental results are as follows:(1)The upper limit of the altitude of the distribution of wild Actinidia arguta in Changbai Mountain is 1310 m.The Juglans mandshurica is the tree species that must be accompanied by Actinidia arguta.The habitat of Actinidia arguta can be understood through the mirror of Juglans mandshurica.The Actinidia arguta is extremely cold-resistant,can resist extreme low temperature around-40℃,and has a wide range of adaptation,it can grow in an annual average temperature of 2.8℃ to 5.6℃,a frost-free period from 110 days to 170 days,an effective accumulated temperature of 2000-2850℃,and an annual precipitation of 480-1000 mm.The soil of Actinidia arguta growing area is fertile and organic matter is very rich,belonging to acidic soil.The nitrogen and potassium contents are extremely rich,but the phosphorus is slightly lacking and the content between the sampling points is quite different.The natural distribution of Actinidia arguta is mainly found in the deep mountains far from the village,and the plain areas are rarely distributed.This natural distribution is likely to be related to human activities.(2)There are abundant genetic diversity in 7 major quantitative traits of Actinidia arguta macaques in Changbai Mountain,and there are also large variations between sampling sites and different plants at the same sampling point.Among them,the coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of Actinidia arguta exceeds 10% except flatness,the titratable acid content coefficient of variation is up to 32.58%,the flatness coefficient of variation is a minimum of 5.84%.The results of K-S normality test showed that the 7 quantitative traits of the wild Actinidia arguta resources in the test were consistent with the normal distribution,but some of the five traits showed that the intermediate level was not the highest probability distribution.(3)The main quantitative traits of fruits and leaves in Changbai Mountain were statistically analyzed.According to the distribution of numerical frequency of traits,the traits of single fruit quality,fruit shape index,flatness,soluble solids(SSC),titratable acid,vitamin C content and leaf shape index of wild jujube kiwifruit were graded.A grading index system for the quantitative traits for fruits and leaves of wild Actinidia arguta in Changbai Mountain was establishe,two reference germplasms were proposed.(4)There is a certain correlation between latitude and fruit quality indicators, there is a tendency for soluble solids to decrease with increasing latitude.There is a certain correlation between the effective accumulated temperature and the single fruit weight,as the effective accumulated temperature increases and the single fruit weight increases.The correlation between latitude and single fruit weight,effective accumulated temperature and fruit shape index,effective accumulated temperature and quality index,frost-free period and all survey indicators were not obvious.