| At present,farmland water and soil erosion,shortage of water,drought and degradation of ecological environment have become the main factor for restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in the world.At the same time,because of natural disasters and improper cultivation methods,the damage to the farmland ecological environment is becoming more and more serious.Conservation tillage was to reduce soil erosion and protect soil conservation and environmental as the main target,It could not only strengthen the accumulation of soil organic matter and regulated the soil moisture and temperature,but also improved soil fertility status and root vigor.At the same time,reasonable intercropping could not only make full use of light,temperature,water and nutrient resources,but also could effectively control pests,reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production,on the basis of reducing production costs and reducing environmental pollution,especially,the intercropping effect was very obvious between legume crops and gramineous crops,and the crops in different families could promote and symbiosis with each other.The technology of straw mulching,plastic film mulching integrated into the model of maize intercropping were studied,in order to realized the resources of reduction inputs and recycling,and maked full use of interspecies interaction effect to improve the utilization efficiency of natural resources.The study provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of a mulching planting model suitable for the light and thermal resources of the arid and rainy areas in Northeast China and the high efficient utilization of water resources.The effects of regulation of soil moisture and temperature,the growth index,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,quality and yield of maize,then the comprehensive suitability indexes were studied by adopting plot experiment and combining the three covering modes(straw mulching,plastic film mulching,conventional tillage)and two planting patterns(maize monoculture,maize intercropping soybean).The showed that:(1)straw mulching could significantly increase soil water storage in root zone and plastic film mulching could significantly increase the soil temperature in the same planting pattern,but soil moisture and temperature was not affected by intercropping under the same covering mode.The yield of maize was obviously affected by the covering and intercropping patterns that could increase the yield of maize,thereinto,DM was about 19.34% and 11.39% higher than JM and CM respectively in the monoculture mode;DI was about 19.71% and 13.74% higher than JI and CI respectively in the intercropping mode.(2)The laws of the rate of seedling emergence,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area effected by mulching mode and planting pattern were similar under the same planting pattern,it showed as film mulching > straw mulching > traditional farming.(3)At the jointing period of the maize,The laws of the leaf of photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were similar under the same planting pattern,all of them are the highest in the film mulching treatment,and the traditional tillage was the lowest,intercropping was higher than monoculture under the same covering mode.The water use rate of leaves changed with the difference of the mode of mulching and the pattern of planting.From the water use rate of leaves,JM and DM were 12.03% and 16.63% higher than JI and CM respectively under the same planting pattern,JI and DI were 11.37% and 15.90% higher than CI respectively under the same planting pattern;under the same covering mode,JI was 1.36% higher than JM,DI was 1.32% higher than DM,CI was 1.96% higher than CM.(4)The content of crude protein and crude starch of the maize all ranked DI>DM>JM>JI>CI>CM according to the size of the order,the content of crude ash of maize ranked CM>CI>JM>JI>DM>DI according to the size of the order,the content of water of maize ranked CM>CI>DM>JM>JI>DI according to the size of the order.From the yield of maize,under the same planting pattern,DM was 5.2% and 19.7% higher than JM and CM respectively,DI was 7.1% and 19.3% higher than JI and CI respectively.(5)The calculation results were shown that the comprehensive suitability index of CM?CI?JM?JI?DM?DI was 0.141?0.275?0.393?0.610?0.648?0.825 respectively,it shows that the comprehensive suitability index could be improved by covering and intercropping,therefore,maize intercropping soybean(DI)was the best planting benefit model under plastic mulch. |
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