| Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayam(Hemiptera:Psyllidae)is the sole natural source which can spread and diffuse huanglongbing(HLB).HLB is the most devastating disease of citrus which has seriously restricted the healthy development of the world’s citrus industry.Therefore,strict control of citrus puppet damage is the current effective protection of citrus production measures.Tamarixia radiata Waterston(Hemiptera:Eulophidae)is a dominant parasite of citrus psylla.It is highly potent against its host and causes no threat to other insect species.The adults of T.radiata have been introduced to different citrus producing areas of the world and a good preve ntion and control of D.citri has been observed after theses releases.In this study,the morphological characteristics of pupa at different ages were confirmed.We also screened the insects and temperature suitable for low temperature storage.Then,the e ffects of low temperature storage on the suitability of the population were studied.Based on growth and development characteristics,bright abdomen glaze wasp cards were designed for the field releases of T.radiata.The results can provide theoretical and technical support for industrial production and field application.The main findings of this study are as follows: 1.Screening optimal temperature andpupal stage for low temperature storage ofTamarixia radiataThe pupae of T.radiata were collected by dissecting the nymphs of D.citri,which were reared at the condition of 26±1℃,80% R.H.,and a light: dark photoperiod of 14:10 h.The developmental characteristics of T.radiata pupae at different age were observed.Each pupalstage of T.radiata were subjected todifferent conditions of temperature,namely 2,4,6,8,and 10℃respectively.The emergence rates were investigated after 10 days.The results showed that mortalityof 1-day-old pupae and 2-day-old pupae were extremely high.Pupae of 4-day-old and 5-day-old were not suitable for low temperature storage because their emergence were quite close.The results suggested that the 3-day-old pupae of T.radiata have the highest emergence rate after storing among 2-10℃,which are the most suitable stage for low temperature storage.2.Effects of low temperature storage on vitality ofTamarixia radiataThe 3-day-old pupae of T.radiata were collected and stored at 2,4,6,8 and 10℃ for 3,6,9 and 12 drespectively.The population suitability,including emergence rate,time of emergence,sex ratio,longevity,parasitism and body size were studied and assessed.The results showed that the emergence rate of all treatment groups were significantly different from that of the control gro up.However,the emergence rate of 3-day-old pupae storing at 10℃ for 6 days was higher than that of other treatments,withsex ratio of the females of 0.74.At the same time,the storage period of the treatment group was up to 10 days,which laid the foundation for its quantitative storage and regulation.The longevity was recorded per adult feeding with honey water in each group.The female and male longevity of treatment group of 10℃,6d were 23.8d and 20.4d,respectively,which were significantly higher than other temperature treatment group and showed no significant difference with control.Meanwhile,our study found that individuals with longer longevity have stronger reproductive capacity.The cumulative fecundity every five days per female of the treatment group of 10℃,6d were 61.9,41.3,34.9 and 21.5 eggs,respectively.The female laid a total of 160 eggs,which was significantly higher than other groups.The length of the hind tibia of the T.radiata after emergence was measured.The results showed thatlength of the hind tibiaof females and males in the treatment group of 10 ℃,6d was the longest compared with other groups,with the value of 320.28 and279.63μm,respectively.Low temperature storage has certain effect on the vitality of T.radiata after eclosion.The treatment group of 10℃,6d showed higher vitalityby comparing the parameters of population fitness.It’s thebest combination of temperature-time for low temperature storage.3.Design and production of Tamarixia radiataIn this study,we designed new wasp card and box based on the study of low temperature storage of T.radiata.The products overcome the handicapof short longevity and shelf life of T.radiata and are of importancefor control of D.citri.Comparing to traditional production,the new designed wasp card and box can solve the problems like easily to tide,easy to break,affect the survival rate of wasps,inconvenient use,high labor intensity,low efficiency and so on.The wasp device consists of a number of small repeating units and can be divided as needed.Meanwhile,the cost is lower and materials is environmental friendly.With the wasp card and box,wecan monitor the population of T.radiata precisely after their release in the field. |
PDF Full Text Request