| At present,China's water resources are scarce,and agricultural water accounts for more than60%of the total water consumption,but the agricultural infrastructure is backward and the efficiency of agricultural water is low,which restricts the future social development of our country.Heilongjiang province is the largest commodity grain base in the country.Its grain cultivation in the semi-arid area of Western China is limited by water resources.In recent years,many scholars have studied the cultivation of Maize under drip irrigation under the condition of drip irrigation in Northeast China,which mainly concentrated on the agronomic way and the effect of the coupling of water and fertilizer.In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use,the basic research data of different hydrological year type drip irrigation system for Maize in the main maize planting areas in Western Heilongjiang province were accumulated to ensure long-term and stable yield of Maize in the western region of Heilongjiang province.In this paper,the corn field experiment was carried out in the Water Science Institute of Zhaozhou,Daqing,Heilongjiang Province,combined with the drip irrigation technique under the membrane,the measured irrigation was measured.The effects of two factors on Maize physiological indexes,soil water and salt status,yield and water use efficiency were influenced by different levels of quota and irrigation times.According to the actual production efficiency of maize,the different irrigation schemes were analyzed.The following conclusions were drawn:(1)When irrigation quota is the same,increasing irrigation times will reduce irrigation volume and adjust more moisture to maize reproductive stage.At the same time,the treatment of plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and net photosynthetic rate at the vegetative growth stage is better than the treatment of more irrigation times.In the reproductive stage of maize,the treatment of less irrigation times is restricted by water conditions,which is close to or inferior to the treatment of more irrigation times.In addition to the net photosynthetic rate and the same irrigation quota,there was little difference in the final biological traits.Under the same irrigation times,when the irrigation quota increased from 200 m~3/hm~2 to 400 m~3/hm~2,the maize grew longer,and the growth trend was gradually increasing from a gentle trend.Irrigation quota continued to increase,and all indicators decreased slightly.(2)The dry matter weight of maize increased with the increase of irrigation times under the same irrigation quota.When the irrigation quota was 200 m~3/hm~2 and 500 m~3/hm~2,the gap between the three treatments was smaller,while the irrigation quota was 300 m~3/hm~2 and 400 m~3/hm~2,and the difference between the three treatments was larger.Under the same irrigation times,the dry matter weight of maize increased with the increase of irrigation quota,but the dry matter decreased when the irrigation quota exceeded 400 m~3/hm~2.(3)The water content of 0~20 cm soil layer in each growth period of maize was affected by evaporation and transpiration,especially under the condition of drip irrigation under the membrane.The water consumption and evaporation of the crops were more intense,the water content of the shallow soil was lower,while the 20~80 cm soil layer was basically below the plow bottom,the soil moisture content was higher,and the soil moisture content increased from shallow to deep.(4)Compared with the soil salinity profiles at the beginning of the growth period and the end of the fertility period,it was found that the 0~40 cm soil layer under the CK treatment formed a desalination area,and the 40~80 cm soil layer and the inter membrane soil under the membrane formed the salt accumulation zone.With the increase of irrigation quota,the vertical movement of soil moisture will increase,and salt will be washed to deeper soil.Under the irrigation quota,the40~80 cm soil layer of the soil under film mulch forms the salt accumulation area,while the soil salinity under the larger irrigation quota is mainly 60~80 cm.With the same irrigation quota and the frequency of irrigation,the more salt moved to the inter membrane soil,the better the desalination effect was.(5)Under the condition of drip irrigation under the membrane,the daily water consumption of the male period was the largest,followed by the grain filling period,the jointing period and the seedling stage,and the water consumption was the smallest in the mature period.(6)Under the condition of drip irrigation under the drip irrigation of Western Heilongjiang Province,the irrigation quota is 400 m~3/hm~2 and the irrigation times are 4 times.Each biological character index is better and the yield reaches the maximum 17034.98 kg/hm~2.The water production efficiency and the irrigation water productivity increase at the same time reach the maximum 4.11 kg/m~3 and 0.80 kg/m~3,which are economical and reasonable irrigation system.(7)Under the hydrological condition(rich water year)in 2017,the average income of drip irrigation in the semi-arid region of Western Heilongjiang was higher,but the pure income between the treatments was very large,the irrigation quota was 400 m~3/hm~2 and the irrigation times were 4times the highest,reaching?6546.97 per hectare,and the irrigation quota was reached.Three treatments for 200 m~3/hm~2 and 300 m~3/hm~2 for irrigation quota,3 times for irrigation times and two treatments for 4 times per hectare were lower than CK treatment,which was not a reasonable economic choice in actual production. |
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