Survey On The Situation Of Live Poultry Markets And Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Communication Risk Analysis

To understand the relationship between distribution of live poultry markets,health status of live poultry markets,poultry transfer,general behavior of relevant personnel with occurrence,development and spread of avian influenza A(H7N9)in China,identify risk factors for transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9)at market level and make risk assessment at market level.This study conducts a survey on live poultry markets value chain and risk analysis of spread of avian influenza A(H7N9)at market level.Research on the value chain of live poultry markets includes distribution and health status of live poultry markets.The risk analysis of spread of avian influenza A(H7N9)at market level includes risk assessment of introduction,internal circulation and going out live poultry markets.We conduct distribution investigation of live poultry markets using questionnaires and field surveys in 13 provinces and cities,and conduct health status investigation of live poultry markets in Guangdong province,Fujian province,Hunan province,Jiangsu province,Anhui province and Shanghai.Based on the results of live poultry market value chain analysis and the risk analysis theory of animal disease this study conducts risk analysis for transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9)at market level.Results of market value chain research are as follows: 1.There are 477 live poultry wholesale markets and 18951 live poultry retail markets in China.The average daily trading volume in live poultry wholesale markets is between 20 and 120000,and live poultry retail markets has an annual total trading volume of about 1.02 billion.2.Live poultry wholesale markets are mainly concentrated in Anhui province and Guangdong province,the daily average trading volume and average number of operators in live poultry wholesale markets in Guangdong Province are the highest,Hunan province has the most live poultry retail markets,the density of live poultry retail markets in Chongqing city is the highest,and Guangdong province retail markets has the largest annual transaction volume.3.Health status and bio-security protection measures of live poultry markets are poor,mainly reflected in 47.24% of wholesale and 60.80% of retail markets are non-full indoor structure,the cleaning frequency was low in 23.62% of wholesale and 28.64% of retail markets,and the disinfection frequency was low in 23.62% of wholesale and 25.13% of retail markets.4.The rate of awareness and acceptance of “1110” system by wholesale and retailers is relatively low.The rate of awareness and acceptance of “1110” system by wholesale are 32.61% and 20.65% respectively.The awareness rates and acceptance rates by retailers are 40.19% and 28.04% respectively,and merchants’ perceptions,attitudes and behaviors were positively correlated(P<0.05).5.The transportation of poultry industry is complex.About 40% of poultry are transferred from other provinces and cities,and live poultry are flown to restaurants,other live poultry markets,and farming.The health status of poultry in the circulation chain is easily affected by many factors such as disinfection of vehicle cages and stalls,whether it is in contact with wild birds,quality of feeding conditions and treatment of sick and dead birds.The results of avian influenza A(H7N9)transmission risk analysis research on live poultry markets are as follows: 1.We determines 28 risk factors such as selling wild birds,no quarantining of live poultry,transportation of false-negative poultry,accessing to markets without formal channel,across-provincial transportation,no sterilizing of cages of entry vehicles,owning mobile stalls outside markets,wild birds accessing to markets,people accessing markets with virus,merchants engaging in other activities related to poultry,different batches and different types of live birds storing in mixed groups,no sterilizing of live poultry cages,live poultry staying in the market overnight,no segregation of sold and slaughtered,discharging waste water at will,slaughtering dead birds,non-full indoor structure of markets,low frequency of cleaning and disinfection of stalls,poor hygiene conditions of markets,no rest market system,a merchant with multiple stalls in markets,low awareness of avian influenza A(H7N9),taking live poultry out of the market,leaving markets with virus,sale of sick and dead birds,mixing wastes into household garbage,no sterilizing of leaving vehicles and cages.We identified 5 very high risk factors such as no sterilizing of cages of entry vehicles,live poultry staying in the market overnight,customers or merchants taking live poultry out of the market.Meanwhile,we identified 15 high risk factors such as no rest market system,long-distance sanitary conditions across provinces,and poor hygiene conditions of markets.And we identified 7 medium risk factors such as transportation of false-negative poultry,wild birds accessing to markets,and a merchant with multiple stalls in markets.1 low risk factor is someone accessing markets with virus.Therefore,the government should give veterinarians supervision of enforcement rights in the live poultry market and establish provincial poultry inspection station.Experts should develop specific test papers,prepare effective vaccines and optimize surveillance programs.The merchants should report the death of poultry in time.The media should publicize the knowledge and prevention control measures of avian influenza A(H7N9)epidemic.The public should be prepared and look at avian influenza A(H7N9)scientifically and actively cooperate with implementation of related prevention and control work of avian influenza A(H7N9).