Effects Of Film Mulching On Growing Development,Water Use Efficiency Of Millet And Soil Moisture,Temperature

Film mulching is an important cultivated measure which can improve soil temperature,conserve soil moisture as well as save water and increase yield.Aiming at solving the problems of low yield and comparative benefit of millet caused by unfavorable environment in spring sowing and low sowing efficiency and difficult of thinning seeding,We study the effects of different planting pattems(film mulched bunch planting(FB),precision drilling planting(PD),traditional bunch planting(TB))and different film mulching(White Plastic film mulching(WP),white degradable film mulching(WD),black degradable film mulching(BD),open filed(CK))on growing development,water use efficiency,yield components of millet and soil moisture,temperature,expecting to provide theoretical basis for promoting high efficiency and ecological cultivated technology of millet.Filed experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at innovation park of Shanxi Agricultural University.Results showed:1.Effects of different planting patterns on growing development,water use efficiency,yield components of millet and soil moisture,temperature(1)Compared with traditional bunch planting(TB)and precision drilling planting(PD),film mulched bunch planting(FB)promoted the growth development of millet and accelerated growing rate of millet plant height and advanced growth period of millet.There among dry matter accumulation rate of FB was higher than TB and PD treatments by an average of 30.23%and 22.51%,SPAD values was higher by an average of 12.31%and 8.40%,water use efficiency of leaf(WUEi)11.24%and 9.50%,water use efficiency of crop(WUEc)25.34%and 17.77%.In addition PD had better performances in WUEc,part of growth period and indexes of growth compared with TB treatment.The relative improves of WUEi among different treatments were mainly caused by the significant increase of net photosynthetic rate(Pn).As for WUEc,the main reason is the noticeable rise of yield.Correlation analysis showes that soil moisture was still an important factor to affect Photosynthesis and WUEi.Improving the yield may the most effective way to improve WUEc.What's more,FB gained the highest yield compared with TB and PD treatments owning to the significant increase of ear number,and the yield of PD was better than TB treatment mainly caused by the significant increase of ear grain weight.(2)FB increased soil average moisture by 1.59%and 1.84%compared with PD and TB treatments,and increased soil accumulated temperature by an average of 182.3?,Growth period of FB treatment were advanced by 8d compared with TB treatment,according to estimation of growth of TB treatment.Film mulching provided more favorable soil envronment for millet seeding and later key water requirement period.2.Effects of different film mulching on growth development,water use efficiency,yield components of millet and soil moisture,temperature(1)The average temperature of soil in 0-20cm layer of each mulching treatment(WP,WD,BD)were higher than CK treatment by 159.3?,135.6.2?,105.5?,respectively.Growth period of each mulching treatment were advanced by 7.4d,6.3d,4.9d compared with CK treatment respectively,according to assessment of growth of CK treatment.Each mulching treatment significantly increased water use efficiency of millet compared with CK treatment.BD treatment had better performance in both leaf and crop water use efficiency than other treatments.The improvement of BD treatment leaf water use efficiency mainly caused by keeping high-level in Pn while E didn't rise obviously.The improvement of BD treatment crop water use efficiency mainly cause by improving yield while water consumption didn't rise obviously.Each mulching treatment increased the yield of millet significantly compared with CK treatment.BD treatment was the highest yield,WD had the same yield as WP treatment.The significant increases of grain weight per spike was the main reason to improve BD treatment yield which also based on weeds control effect.(2)Each mulching treatment significantly increased soil temperature and moisture in 0-20cm layer,as well as water storage capacity of 0-100cm soil layer compared with open filed(CK).White Plastic film mulching(WP)had the maximal daily range of soil temperature and the most noticeable warming effects than other treatments.White degradable film mulching(WD)and blacked gradable film mulching(BD)decreased orderly.WP treatment had the best water holding effects in 0-20cm soil layer.The effects of BD and WD also declined orderly.Each mulching treatment increased the water storage capacity in 0-100cm soil layer.WP and BD had same capacity,WD took the second place.All film treatments guaranteed of water consumption in later key water requirement period.The material differences of permeability resistance and transmittance were the main reason that caused differences between each mulching treatment.Synthesis 2 years experiment,film mulched bunch planting is a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technique for mechanized production of millet which Is suitable for the middle of Shanxi.For the choice of film material,white and black degradable film mulching both have the production feasibility to replace polyethylene mulching film.Black degradable film mulching has better yield performance especially in the area where there are serious injuries.Without using film mulching,precision drilling planting can be the prior choice of cultivation technique.