Analysis On Site Selection And Concept Design Of Public Buildings In The Mountains

With the development of technology and the increase of urban population pressure,mountain architecture has gradually become an important topic of architectural academic research.Mountainous architecture is different from flatland architecture and has its own unique features.However,public architecture,art and technicality of public buildings are subdivided into mountain public buildings and require detailed adaptive design.This paper takes this type of architecture as an example.,to discuss the type of architectural design thinking at the program stage.The first chapter of this paper firstly combines the basic terrain of the more mountain and less plain in our country,and focusing on the current tense land use situation,the paper puts forward that the construction site selection and construction should be extended to the mountain terrain.Moreover,due to the improvement of current economic situation and the awakening of public utilities,the quantity and quality of public buildings can not meet the increasing needs of people,we are about to usher a prosperous period of public building construction and optimization.Under such tense situation of land use,the large-scale construction of public buildings on the mountains will become an inevitable trend in the next stage of the development of Chinese construction industry.The selection of the topic of this paper has a forward-looking effect on the location and construction of public buildings in the future,as well as has the significance of research and discussion.Combined with the current domestic and foreign research situation,the research on mountain architecture already involved and growing matured.Especially,scholars from universities in southwestern China have a deep and mature research system for the location,design and construction of mountain buildings,but the research case of the combination of mountain architecture and public building is still blank,which needs further exploration and research by our new generation of architecture scholars.Throughout the whole process of architectural design,the scheme design plays a crucial role in control,and the site selection of the base plays a pre-emptive role in the later construction,the research focus of this paper is on the location and scheme design of public buildings.Public buildings are different from other types of buildings,which have their unique characteristics.The second chapter of this paper discusses the design essentials of public buildings,including space function requirements,aesthetic requirements and cultural requirements.First of all,from the perspective of space function,public buildings are composed of main space,secondary space and passage space.Whether the spatial combination in horizontal and vertical direction is reasonable or not plays a vital role in the function of public buildings.Secondly,architectural aesthetics is also a problem that can not be ignored,this needs to be achieved by the harmony of proportion and scale,unity and contrast,cadence and rhythm of architecture;moreover,architecture is also a kind of culture,architecture needs its own region to support itself.Architecture itself has the local culture and style temperament,public buildings have better control over the cultural features of buildings because of their public needs.The third chapter of this paper discusses the location and scheme design of mountainous buildings in many aspects.Separately studies mountain environment because of its own particularity,mainly reflected in the complexity of natural conditions,the non-replicable design,the difficulty of accessibility,and the fragility of ecosystem.After understanding the above particularity of mountain buildings,this paper expounds the influence of mountain conditions on building site selection and project design from six aspects: geological condition,slope,mountain position,sunshine,wind and precipitation.Geological conditions determine the foundations of mountain buildings,which need comprehensive assessment during site selection and necessary reinforcement during design and construction;due to the difficulty of construction,safety and slope tenure,the slope of the base also has a great impact on the design of the building scheme;different mountain positions have different spatial characteristics and utilization value,this factor should also be taken into account in the selection of the site;whether it is from the perspective of natural lighting or from the angle of psychological comfort,the sunshine factors should not be ignored;the wind environment is more complex in the mountainous environment than in the flat land,and the good ventilation performance of the building is very important to both the building structure and the building energy saving;In addition to the decisive role of other geographic environments such as latitude on precipitation,the mountain environment also has a certain impact on local precipitation,such as topographic rain,which requires us to analyze specific issues regarding to design the mountain public buildings in terms of roof form,moisture protection,and drainage.After the research of the above 3 chapters,chapter 4 combining the public building with the mountain building,propose that there are three kinds of earthing modes in the mountainous public building,which are the fusion type,the attachment type and the separation type.In the design of the project,the two principles of "weakening barrier" and "public space" should be taken as the principles.On the premise of making full use of the advantage of mountain environment landscape and saving the cost,a suitable architectural design scheme should be made for the existing building base.The last chapter of this paper is based on the actual case of the author participating in the design during his master's degree study-Weifang Yangtianshan Conference Service Center project design,take practical use on mountain public building design points which analyzed by the above.From the project background,site selection and project design these three aspects to elaborate and draw conclusions.This paper has a certain inspiration and summary significance for the blank research direction of the combination of mountain architecture and public buildings.