Distribution Characteristics And Environmental Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Sb₂O₃ Production Process

As the world's largest producer,China had a long history of exploitation of antimony.The environmental pollution caused by development and utilization was also becoming more serious.Therefore,clarifying the pollution distribution characteristics and formation mechanism in the mining and smelting stage could provided theoretical support for the potential pollution prevention and control generated by the development and utilization process of antimony,it was a great significance to sustainable development and utilization of antimony.This study was based on the Dushan Banpo Mine in the mining environment and the Dahe and Xiaohe Smelters using the Banpo Mine ore.By collecting water samples from different sources and different areas along the flow direction of the mine,as well as soils in different areas around the smelter and conventional crops,the chemical characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes of the mines and the distribution characteristics of As and Sb in the soil are analyzed.And based on this,the potential ecological risks of the study area were evaluated.The results showed:1)The potential ecological risk brought by mining was greater than the smelting process.In the mining part of the mining area,High acidity and high concentration of heavy metal wastewater was the main source of ecological risk.Its high acidity was mainly caused by oxidative corrosion of sulfur-containing minerals such as stibnite and pyrite.High acidity mine water will accelerate the surrounding rock of aluminosilicates around the wellbore,this was an important factor leading to serious levels of heavy metals such as Sb,Al,Fe and Mn in water.Changes in external environmental conditions such as pH and Eh of water could cause changes in the form of heavy metals in water.2)Around the smelter,due to the different production years of the plant,the amount of Asand Sb enrichment in the surrounding soil was also quite different.The spatial distribution of As and Sb content was affected by wind direction and elevation.The bioaccumulation of As and Sb in the conventional planting crops around the plant area was mainly affected by the contents of As and Sb in the 0-10 cm soil layer.3)The profile distribution of As and Sb was affected by rainwater leaching and soil physical and chemical properties,and the difference is large.As far as the shape distribution characteristics were concerned,the existence forms of As and Sb were mainly in the residual state.The comprehensive performance showed that the relative content of As and Sb in the soil around the old smelting plant was lower than that of the new smelter,and the relative content of Sb was higher than As.As far as the potential ecological risk was concerned,the potential ecological risk of As and Sb around the old smelter was relatively larger than that of the new smelter,and the potential ecological risk of Sb was greater than As.