Physicochemical Characteristics And Phenolic Profiles Of Kiwifruit From Different Sources And Its In Vitro Biological Activities

In order to well understand the accumulation pattern of phenolics to obtain kiwifruit with high level of phenolics,physicochemical properties,phenolic profiles,antioxidant capacities,and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes of kiwifruit with different maturity,different cultivars and different origins were systematically investigated and compared.The results are as follows:?1?Changes of the physicochemical properties and phenolic profiles of kiwifruit during development and maturationThe fresh weight of per fruit,soluble solids content?SSC?,and dry matter are increased throughout the development and maturation,and the content of ascorbic acid are increased and then decreased.The total phenolics,total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins of kiwifruit decreased throughout the development and maturation of“Donghong”kiwifruit and“Hongyang”kiwifruits.The total phenolic content of“Donghong”kiwifruit and“Hongyang”kiwifruit were ranged from 5.27 to 7.93 mg GAE/g DW and from 6.03 to 8.25 mg GAE/g DW,respectively.According to the HPLC analysis,seven phenolic compounds were found in“Donghong”kiwifruit,while chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,and?-?-epicatechin were the main phenolic compound.Moreover,six phenolic compounds were found in“Hongyang”kiwifruit,while the procyanidin B2,chlorogenic acid,and?-?-epicatechin were the main phenolic compound.Furthermore,“Donghong”and“Hongyang”kiwifruits exerted remarkable antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and?-glucosidase.The ABTS radical scavenging ability of“Donghong”kiwifruit was ranged from40.66 to 87.26?mol Trolox/g DW.The IC₅₀ values of inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and?-glucosidase varied from 1.93 to 3.23 mg DW/mLand from 48.02 to 70.1 mg DW/mL,respectively.The ABTS radical scavenging ability of“Hongyang”kiwifruit was ranged from65.72 to 119.75?mol Trolox/g DW,The IC₅₀ values of inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and?-glucosidase varied from 2.12 to 3.64 mg DW/mL,and from 34.55 to 56.51 mg DW/mL,respectively.?2?Comparison of physicochemical properties and phenolic pompounds of different kiwifruitsAmony the 14 tested kiwifruits,the content of fresh weight of per fruit,soluble solids content?SSC?,dry matter and ascorbic acid of different kiwifruits are 7.10¹33.74 g,13.1%¹7.6%,13.48%²0.35%and 51.32³90.68 mg/100 g FW,respectively,.The total phenolic contents of Hongshi,Jinshi,and Jinlong were 16.52 mg GAE/g DW,13.38 mg GAE/g DW,and 11.02 mg GAE/g DW,respectively,which were much higher than those of the other tested kiwifruits.According to HPLC analysis,twelve phenolic compounds were found in kiwifruits,while procyanidin B1,procyanidin B2,?-?-epicatechin,chlorogenic acid and gallic acid,and quercetin-3-rhamnoside were the major phenolic compounds.Furthermore,all the tested kiwifruits exerted remarkable antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and?-glucosidase.Indeed,Hongshi,Jinshi,and Jinlong exhibited much better antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes than those of the other tested kiwifruits,and their ABTS radical scavenging capacities were 160.36,117.90 and 90.78?mol Trolox/g DW,respectively.The IC₅₀ values of inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase were 3.12,3.85 and 3.96 mg/mL DW,respectively.Particularly,A.polygama showed the highest inhibitory activity on?-glucosidase with an IC₅₀ value of 9.11 mg/mL DW.?3?Comparison of physicochemical properties and phenolic pompounds of kiwifruits from different originsThe content of fresh weight of per fruit,soluble solids content?SSC?,dry matter and ascorbic acid of kiwifruits from different origins are 57.46¹71.07 g,14.9%¹8.9%,14.61%-20.41%and 107.06¹58.12 mg/100 g FW,respectively.The total phenolic content was ranged from 5.70 to 9.08 mg GAE/g DW;the ABTS radical scavenging capacity was ranged from 46.69 to 87.18?mol Trolox/g DW;the IC₅₀ value of inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase was ranged from 4.16 to 6.70 mg/mL DW;The IC₅₀ value inhibitory effects on?-glucosidase inhibition was ranged from 16.13 to 56.62 mg/mL DW.Among them,the ascorbic acid content,total phenolic content,antioxidant activity and the inhibition effect of pancreatic lipase and?-glucosidase of“Hongyang”kiwifruits from Qionglai?Chenyang Village?,Pujiang?No.2 Base of Huasheng Agricultural Company?,Chengdu?A Base of Junwen Company?and Xingwen County were much higher than those of the other tested kiwifruits.According to HPLC analysis,eight phenolic compounds were found in“Hongyang”kiwifruits,while procyanidin B1,procyanidin B2,?-?-epicatechin,and chlorogenic acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds.