| The Momoge wetland has diverse habitats and rich species,and is an important transit point for the winter migration of waterbirds such as the Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus).Relying on,due to the socio-economic development and the continuous spread of urbanization,the Momog Nature Reserve has suffered from a variety of environmental problems such as habitat degradation,ecosystem degradation,etc.,resulting in severe damage and destruction of the white crane habitat,resulting in the prominence of the white crane.The maintenance and development are threatened,and the protection of Siberian Crane's prominence is imminent.Habitat and improvement of wetland ecosystems,and the primary issue of habitat protection is to understand the law of change and the main influencing factors.In this paper,the optical observation images of Momoge Wetland from 1989 to 2018 are selected as the basic data,and ENVI5.3 software is used to generate the landscape classification type map of Phase 4 study area.The landscape pattern index and landscape type area transfer matrix were used to analyze the characteristics and changes of the landscape layout of the study area.Finally,combined with the above data,the In VEST habitat quality model was used to comprehensively assess the ecological environment quality of Momoge,and to analyze the changes of Momoge wetland landscape pattern.Ecological response.The main research results of this article include:(1)The Momoge Nature Reserve is dominated by wetland landscapes.Natural wetland landscapes include five types of natural wetland types,namely rivers,blisters,herb marshes,mudflats,saline-alkali swamps;dry land and paddy fields dominate the non-wetland landscape types proportion.From 1989 to 2018,the paddy field landscape was the main outflow direction of wetland and dry field area.The area of rivers,blisters and herbaceous swamps decreased rapidly.The reduction ratios were 62%,32.11% and 25.57%,respectively.The total area of wetlands improved and decreased..In 2009,in the Momoge wetland landscape type,herbaceous swamps penetrated the area of blisters,and the transfer rates were 35.82% and 40.07%,respectively.In the case of mudflats and other wetland landscapes shifting to nonwetland types,the trend of natural wetland types to non-wetland types is obvious.(2)The overall degree of fragmentation on the landscape level of the study area gradually increased from 1989 to 2018.The overall fragmentation of the Momoge landscape has intensified,the shape of patches has tended to be single,the connectivity of dominant landscape types has declined,and land use has risen substantially.All types of patch levels in natural wetland landscape types are manifested as increased fragmentation levels.(3)The impact of the three wetland types of mudflat,blisters,and herb marshes on the choice of habitat for Siberian Crane.Among them,the distance from the mudflat is the most important factor affecting Siberian Crane's habitat selection.In addition,the influence of arid fields and paddy fields in the unnatural wetland category on the habitat selection of wintering white cranes in Momoge can not be ignored.(4)From 1989 to 2018,the degraded area of Momoge habitat increased,areas with high habitat quality gradually lost,and habitat scarcity conflicts changed year by year.The original hydrologically driven offset shift between natural wetland patches gradually increased from 2009 to 2018.The degree of habitat degradation in the core area of Harata and Hujia shacks was reversed,and the quality of habitat was further improved.This study reveals the habitat landscape characteristics and habitat quality of Momoge wintering white cranes,which has important reference value for the dynamic protection of wintering bird habitats such as white cranes.In the future,the natural wetland environment in the study area should be further protected and restored,and the habitat quality of the white cranes should be improved to protect the endangered waterbirds more effectively. |
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