Bird Diversity And Habitat Selection In The Yellow River Delta Wetland

Wetland ecosystems and forest ecosystems and marine ecosystems are also called the world's three major ecosystems.Wetland ecosystems are characterized by high productivity and rich biodiversity,and are also home of wetland birds.However,due to human destruction such as wetland reclamation,overfishing and pollution,the wetland ecosystems have been shrinking and the health of the wetland ecosystems has been seriously threatened.The Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as the Yellow River Delta Reserve)is located at the mouth of the Yellow River and crosses the East-Australia and Western Pacific migration routes in the eight migration routes of the world.It is an important migratory stop for migratory birds,which known as "the international airport of birds." At present,there have been many studies on bird diversity in the Yellow River Delta Reserve,and the habitat selection of several major birds has also been systematically studied.However,the change of bird diversity over time and the dynamics of habitat selection in this area have not been systematically studied.In this study,from January 2015 to December 2018,a survey of bird populations,population dynamics,and habitat selection in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve was carried out using line survey methods and site observation methods.Reference for recovery.The main findings are as follows:(1)The Yellow River Delta Protected Area has abundant bird resources.Through four years of monitoring,a total of 176 species of 42 families and 17 orders of birds have been recorded.The number of plovers is the largest,with 58 species accounting for 32.32%;There are 32 species of anseriformes accounting for 18.2%;There are 28 species of passerine,accounting for 15.9%;and the remaining 14 orders of birds were only 58 species.(2)There are 6 national first class protected birds in the reserve,including Ciconia boyciana,Grus leucogeranus,Grus monacha,Grus japonensis,Otis tarda,Larus relictus;There are 32 species of national secondary protected birds;There are 2 species of birds classified as critically endangered(CR)by the IUCN and there are 5 species of birds classified as endangered(EN).There are 10 species of vulnerable species(VU)and 11 species of birds of near-risk(NT)species.(3)Birds in protected areas are mainly travelling birds,which account for the largest proportion of all types of residence,with 83 species,accounting for 47.16%;There are 30 species of summer migratory birds,accounting for 17.05%;There are 28 species of winter migratory birds,accounting for 15.91%;and 33 species of resident birds,accounting for 18.75%;There are 2 species of fascinating birds,accounting for 1.13%.(4)According to the classification of ecological groups,the Yellow River Delta protected area includes 43 species of poultry,82 species of waders,5 species of land birds,28 species of songbirds,14 species of raptors and 4 species of climbing birds,which account for 24.43%,46.59%,2.84%,15.91%,7.96% and 2.27% of the number of birds respectively.Among the waders,58 species of scorpion,16 species of scorpion,and 8 species of crane,accounted for 71%,19% and 10% of the number of birds respectively.It has been proved that the Yellow River Delta Reserve is a bird gathering area of Siluriformes.(5)The birds in the protected area of the Yellow River Delta are dominated by palaearctic,and both the oriental species and the cosmopolitan species.There are 103 species of by palaearctic,accounting for 58.52% of the total number of birds in the reserve;The second is 63 species of cosmopolitan,accounting for 35.80% of the total number of birds;the reserve is also accompanied by a small number of Oriental species,only 10 species,accounting for 5.68% of the total number of birds.(6)From the perspective of bird dominance,there are four dominant species in the protected area: Anas poecilorhyncha,Anas strepera,Anser fabalis and Anas Gracilis;9 species are common species: Fulica atra,Bubulcus coromandus,Calidris alpina,Limosa limosa,Aythya ferina,Anas Goose,Anas platyrhynchos,Anas acuta and Numenius phaeopus;162 species of rare species,most of which are migratory birds and winter migratory birds,and all summer migratory birds is a rare species.(7)Seasonal changes in birds in the Yellow River Delta reserve are obvious.The spring and autumn seasons are the migration period of birds.The composition of birds is more complicated and the number of species is the most.The birds in winter are mainly resident birds.The number of species is simple and the number of species is the smallest,but the number is the most.(8)The interannual variation of birds in the Yellow River Delta Protected Area is also obvious,and there is a phenomenon that the number of species decreases.Between 2015 and 2018,there were 167 species,142 species,114 species and 88 species of birds,and the number of bird species decreased year by year.It may be related to the exploitation of oil and gas in recent years,the development of farmland,and the development of tourism,and the human disturbance which is increasing year by year.(9)Differences in bird habitat selection preferences in the Yellow River Delta Reserve.Among the 13 habitats,there are 147 species of birds in the reed wetlands,109 species of birds in the beach wetlands,97 species of birds in the wetlands,95 species of birds in the farmland;there are 68 species of birds in breeding ponds;57 species of birds in the Yellow River wetlands;23 species of birds in the sparse sodication;52 species of birds in the reservoir;16 species of birds in the artificial island;20 species of birds in the earth dam There are 4 species of birds on the beach;2 species of birds in the grassland;the fewest species of birds in the forest,only one black-winged tortoise,which is likely to be lost when searching for habitat or foraging.The Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve is an important base for the survival of birds in China.To improve the protection of birds in protected areas,we can strengthen publicity and education effors reduce human disturbance,strengthen the management of protected areas and measure government functions to protect bird diversity.