From The Late Ming Dynasty To The Late Qing Dynasty, The Study Of Public And Private Views

The relation between public and private has been one of the main topics of Confucian discussion,and also a hot issue in academic circles in recent years.During the development of history,thinkers always make responses to the problem in terms of public-private relationship,and solve real problems through the change of public-private relationship when the society is facing difficulties or changes.Public and private are two important concepts in Confucianism,Which do not have the meaning of value judgment originally."Public" refers to the community which is represented by the king and the state,and "private" refers to the private sector represented by the individual.The vicissitude of public and private is not only the vicissitude of intension,but also the vicissitude of relations.In terms of the change in the connotation of the public and private,The conceptions of public and private turn to the political justice and inequity in the pre-Qin period,then the public and private in the moral aspect of the idealist philosophy,from descriptive public and individual.The connotation of the public and private is gradually refined.Since pre-Qin,thinkers have been discussing public-private relation.In the pre-Qin period,the discussion on public-private view was mainly in the political dimension,which advocate that the whole world is one community,we should put public interest before self-interestandbe scrupulous in separating public from private interests.During the song and Ming dynasties,the neo-Confucianism promoted the moral righteousness of the public and private to the highest peak.Keeping the public and destroying the private have become the mainstream of public and private relations.This kind of public-private view has far-reaching influence,which is the foundation of traditional public-private view.The relation between public and private from the late Ming dynasty to the late Qing dynasty is the focus of the study.Researchers have argued that the value of public-private in the late Ming and late qing dynasties lies in the rise of "private" for a long time.It is undeniable that the rise of "private" in the late Ming dynasty is an inevitable trend of historical development.In the age of social unrest,there is a new demand for "private",whether in the upper class or the general public.However,until the end of the Qing dynasty,the lofty position of "public" still showed no sign of declining.From the end of the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty,thinkers recognized the shortcomings of the authoritarian regime.At the end of the Ming dynasty,the thinker hoped to achieve the balance between the public and the private by the restraint of the sovereign and the affirmation of the people.In the late Qing dynasty,thinkers hoped to strengthen dialogue between the upper and lower classes by introducing western democratic ideas.However,the essence of the thinker's affirmation of "private" is the criticism of "private" of the ruling class,their affirmation of people's "private" is limited to reasonable,necessary and universal subsistence needs,which is not the real affirmation.Although the traditional "public" status did not decline from the late Ming to the end of the Qing dynasty,the exploring process of public-private view is of enlightenment and reference for modern life.Correct and objective analysis of public and private relations from the late Ming to the late Qing dynasty is of great theoretical value and realistic significance for establishing the public-private view of contemporary society.