Research On Site Selection Of Urban Emergency Shelters Based On Ant Colony Algorithm

With the rapid development of urbanization in China,the urban population has increased sharply,all kinds of natural and man-made disasters in cities will lead to more serious casualties and economic losses.Planning and construction of urban emergency shelters has a direct bearing on the security of people's life and lives and properties and urban sustainable development.But the planning and construction of the current emergency shelter in the city is not satisfied with the actual situation of Chinese cities.Aiming at this situation,the method of urban emergency shelter site selection based on ant colony algorithm and roads emergency evacuation risk analysis was proposed in this paper.And Taking five streets south of Jing 'an district of Shanghai as an example,the validity and practicability of this method was proved.In this paper,the research mainly includes the following four aspects:(1)Emergency shelter is a special kind of public service facilities,when major natural disasters or man-made disasters happen,the process of urban residents to the emergency shelter evacuation is the urgent and vulnerable to all kinds of dangers.This study has improved the selection of influencing factors for location selection in the traditional space location problem.And a ‘road emergency evacuation index” was constructed to quantify the comprehensive indicators that reflect residents' risks in evacuation on roads and used to replace distance parameters in the “P-median problem”.This improvement has improved the rationality of site selection for emergency shelters in cities and has strong practical significance and research value.(2)The ant colony algorithm was first introduced into the site selection study of emergency shelters.Ant colony algorithm has been applied in the field of space optimization location selection,and has been proved to have strong robustness,excellent distributed computer system,easy to combine with other methods and so on.However,in the area of siting of evacuation sites,there is no case for this intelligent optimization algorithm.In the research,the ant colony algorithm and the exhaustive method are compared and analyzed,which proves the advantages of the ant colony algorithm in the location efficiency.(3)According to the site selection method in this study,we based on the C# programming language and ArcGIS Engine development components,the city emergency evacuation site selection tool software was independently developed.The software can provide technical support for effective site selection for emergency evacuation sites and improve the efficiency of site selection for large-scale evacuation sites.(4)In the study,taking the five southern streets of Jing'an District in Shanghai as a case,on the basis of fine-scale land use data,road network data,and residential building population data,two and five city emergency shelter sites were selected.Scenario simulation.The result of location selection proves the validity and practicability of the proposed method.