Measurement Of The Microwave Electric Field Strengths Based On The Rydberg Atoms EIT-AT Effect

We discuss a fundamentally new approach for the measurement of microwave E-fields that will lead to the development of a broadband,direct SI-traceable,compact,self-calibratingE-field probe(sensor).This approach is based on the interaction of radio frequency(RF)fields with alkali atoms excited to Rydberg states.The RF field causes an energy splitting of the Rydberg states via the Autler-Townes effect and we detect the splitting via electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).In effect,alkali atoms placed in a vapor cell act like an RF strength-to-optical frequency transducer,converting an RF E-field strength measurement to an optical frequency measurement.We demonstrate the broadband nature of this approach by showing that one small vapor cell can be used to measure E-field strengths over a wide range of frequencies.We investigated the dependence of Autler-Townes splitting separation on the microwave electric fields strength and measured the spatial distribution of microwave electric field in the vapor cell.We numerically simulate the fields strength with the finite element calculations which agree well with the measurement results.In this paper,there are three aspects:Part 1 of this paper is mainly about the definition of Rydberg atoms is given.And so is the characteristics and the reserch development.This part expounds the advantages and potential application value of microwave electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms EIT-AT effect compared to defects and deficiencies of the traditional microwave electric field measurement.Part 2 introduces the basic principle based on microwave electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms EIT-AT effect in detail,briefly explains the atomic transition dipole moment calculation.In the Part 3,the experiment device is introduced.Several different frequencies of microwave field were measured respectively.We get the relationship of EIT-AT splitting and the output power of microwave source and describe the microwave field distribution in the atomic vapor.The innovations of this work are shown by two aspects as follow:1.In this paper,we present a new measurement on the millimeter-wave and centimeter-wave based on the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectrum of Rydberg atom.We have carried on the comparison with the traditional measurement method,and get the uncertainty under 5%.2.Implements the microwave electric field characteristics of spatial distribution of the high resolution imaging,the spatial resolution can reach 100?m.3.Compared with the traditional microwave measurement technology,the new one has many advantages such as calibration and portable,etc.It will break the Break the restrictions in the material and size of the traditional sensor,which is expected to be the innovation method of microwave field measurement.