The Land Use Functional Evolution And Its Spatial Differentiation Of Rural Settlements

Population and land,as two core elements of rural development have changed significantly with the continuous de velopment of economy and society,which is performance outstandingly in the non-agricultural and diversified of population,and in the non-food and non-agricultural of land.Thus,rural transition becomes a typical labels and highly concentrated in current China.In this context,the diversified mode of production and lifestyles that combine work,business,communication,tourism and entertainment,has gradually appears.Hence,rural settlements land gradually transform from purely residential units into composite units with living,production,service and other multi functions.The land use function of rural settlements is experiencing an evolution from slow to radical,which presents remarkable characteristics of diversification,non-agricultural and differentiation.As the strongest representation of the rural man-land relationship,rural settlements land is not only the place of habitat and various social activities of peasant household,but also an important space for their production activities.To exp lore the evolution process of land use function and the general rule of spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements land,and to guide its optimization promotion by these process,is not only a national strategic need of “beautiful village” construction,but also a theoretical need to deepen the understanding of the function of rural settlements land.Therefore,this study take the function of rural settlements land as the research object,chose Sha Pingba district of Chongqing as a typical case to carry on the research.Under a research framework of "Phenomenon-Process-Pattern-Optimization",by using the field investigation method of “3S+PRA” and establishing a “Rural Settlements Land Use Database” to be the data source,this study have done deep exploration inside the rural settlements.Staring with a phenomenon research,that is,classify of rural settlements land and identify their functions,this study clear up the process of the land use functional evolution of rural settlements.Using quantitative methods and spatial expression,this research did intensive study to the spatial heterogeneity of rural settlements land from four aspects: the residential function,the agricultural production function,the non-agricultural production functio n and the service function.From this,the general rule of rural settlements land function evolution and the law of its spatial differentiation characteristics can be obtained.Accordingly,this study propose a spatial pattern of the function optimization of rural settlements land,raise corresponding optimization strategies and realize its optimization.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)After dividing rural settlements land use into three types,the residential land(0721),the production land(0722)a nd the ancillary land(0723),and considering the social and economic differences carried by each land use types,this study identified four types of the rural settlements land function,that are,the residential function,the agricultural production function,the non-agricultural production function and the service function.Thus,the corresponding relationship between land use types and function types of rural settlements is established,which not only lay the foundation for the embodiment of the study on the function of rural settlements land and its spatial heterogeneity,but also satisfy the practical needs of detailed and differentiated management of rural settlements land.(2)With the transformation and development of rural economy and society,the entirety of rural settlements land function evolve from homogeneity to heterogeneity,which present characteristics adapt to the changes happened in rural economy and peasant households' livelihood.First,along with the gradual non-agricultural of peasant households' livelihood and gradual enrichment of livelihood assets,the residential function is being constantly improved,which performance as the optimization of residential building materials and structures,the expansion of residential space and the modernization of the residential appearance.Second,in pace with the gradual non-agricultural of rural industrial structure and peasant households' livelihood mode,the agricultural production and non-agricultural production function emerge a significant non-agricultural evolution trend.Specifically,a trend from the agricultural production function leading to the simultaneous function of agricultural and non-agricultural production and finally to the non-agricultural production leading.Third,with the enhancement of village collective economic strength,the service function ceaselessly promote,which behave in the constantly improvement in travel condition,medical service and public cultural service.(3)The spatial differentiation characteristics of rural se ttlements land are significant,and shows a regular change.The spatial differentiation characteristics of each functional index of rural settlements land are the result of the optimal allocation of resources.First,the residential function index appears a girdle shape regularities of distribution which takes two urban area as the core,gradually spread to the periphery from high to low.Second,the agricultural production function index presents an overall spatial differentiation characteristics in the geographical space,which is low in the suburban and high in the outer suburbs,low for the two hills and high between them.Third,the non-agricultural production index shows a heterogeneous spatial pattern,that is,low in the suburban and high in the oute r suburbs,high in the industrial zones and low in the hilly areas.And forth,the high value area of service function index emerges a Multi-center distribution pattern which takes the town as the core.Concretely,the service function index shows a gradua l attenuation along with the increase of space distance extending from center to periphery,whose spatial distribution pattern of "core periphery" is obvious.(4)Based on the general rule of rural settlement s land functional evolution and its spatial differentiation characteristics,this study proposed a spatial pattern for the rural settlements land functional optimization,which provide a new idea for breaking through the plight of rural settlements land function optimization.On the basis of the analysis of the function evolution and spatial heterogeneity of rural settlements land,this study identifying the leading types of rural settlement s land,and put forward an optimizing spatial pattern for the rural settlements land function of Sha Pingba District.The optimizing spatial pattern is consist of five areas,the eastern modern urban functional area,the central business travel service functional area,the west outer suburb agricultural production functional area,the west suburb characteristic industry functional area,and the west hilly ecological protection functional area,which forms a regional development pattern with outstanding leading function and symbiotic multi-function.Meanwhile,under the guidance of position of leading function of different areas and the evolution trend of rural settlements land function,this study proposed different optimization strategies,which achieved the optimization of rural settlements land function.