The Change Of Peasant Economy And Society In Chang Village Of North China(1982-2016)

This paper mainly uses the method of covariance,participatory observation and interview to analyze the causes and characteristics of the economy-society change(1982-2016)in Chang Village of North China,and the time-space change of the village as one of the results of its economy-society change.In 1982,Chang Village implemented the household contract responsibility system,changed the organizational form of labor force,enhanced the enthusiasm of peasant production and basically solved the problem of food and clothing.However,excessive rural labor was still accumulated in agriculture and the lack of employment opportunities,and the characteristic of production of peasant economy is involution.Rural developed period(1995-2000),as the foundation conditions of agricultural production of Chang village changed and inputted the modern production factors,the peasant began to chase interests due to getting rid of the problem of food and clothing,planting the high economic value of peanut and poplar,formed uniform pattern of wheat-peanut rotation.Peasants were still not the external employment opportunities,this period of peasant economy was tendency of involution.Until the new rural period(2000-2016),too much labor was liberated from agriculture,and large numbers of labor moved to cities.At the same time,peasants to adjust the industrial structure in Chang Village,select planting high economic value of fruits and vegetables.Green onions,muskmelon and nectarine become long-term stability of choice of peasants.The peasant economy does not appear the characteristics of labor and technology double dense in Chang Village,also does not appear the characteristic of "capitalization".Peasants' choices are reasonable according to their production conditions,and economic behavior embedded in social relations.The peasant economy present the characteristics of " de-involution " and "non-capitalization".The peasant economy in the circulation field has undergone profound changes from the rural period to the new rural period.Agricultural products from the necessities of life which do not flow into the market become circulation of goods in the rural period,diversifying local agricultural products circulating local market in the new rural period,showing the trend of“de-commercialization”.Peasants are not involved in the market in the rural period and involved in the market in the new rural period,and with the characteristic of "de-commercialization” of agricultural products showed inverse trend.However,other resources with the economy development present the characteristic of commercialization.From the rural period to the new rural period,labor flow into the national or local market,mechanical capital flow in the local market,and the land is to achieve circulation in the Chang Village area.The peasants' economic behavior is not the ideal mode of free competition in circulation,but economic behavior embedded in social relations.The economic change is the main cause of social change in Chang Village.In the rural period,the expansion of village scale because population grow;In the new rural period,the size of the village shrank because population growth tended to reduce,while the population outflow resulting in shrinking of Chang Village scale.From the rural period to the new rural period,the diversity of peasants' work lead to the village community internal loose,but also due to the relationship between the industry making the interaction increased between the village with other villages and towns,showing the characteristic of “regional compact".The interaction between peasants in general is alienated because of the heterogeneity of the work too,while the interactions between some peasants become intimate because of the common difficult experiences.The development of economy and the diversity of peasant work have also caused the differentiation among peasants.Age and gender are two main factors of the difference between peasants' occupation and income.In addition,one of the results of Chang village's economic and social change is space-time change.Social structure and space-time structure are isomorphic.The social structure of Chang village changes means space-time structured.In the new rural period,there are formed four kinds of new spaces: worked space,hired space,rented space and marketed space.They and other peasants' work time-spaces influence each other depending on the transition of individual time-space,and are restricted by natural time-space.Change of social time-space is not only the development model,but other models.This paper will propose three modes of time-space transition: time-space transcendence,time-space translation and time-space deviant.