A Study Of The Innovation And Entrepreneurship Education For College Students In Shandong Province

The key to the construction of "Innovation-oriented country" is the cultivation and cohesion of the innovative talents.As colleges and universities are the training base for high-level innovative talents,the state government has attached great importance to the innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students.In recent years,especially under the guidance of the concept of "Public entrepreneurship and innovation",China has incorporated the innovation and entrepreneurship education into the comprehensive reform of higher education.The purpose is to cultivate the high-quality talents with innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability for the country,so as to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of our country and realize the strategic goal of building an "Innovation-oriented country".Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a new educational idea and mode,which focuses on cultivating the innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability of the educated.The concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education was originated in the western countries.China's innovation and entrepreneurship education sprouted in the 1980 s,but Chinese universities didn't start to carry out a series of educational practice activities until the 21 st century.From the pilot education of colleges and universities of the Ministry of Education,to the proposal of "Public entrepreneurship and innovation" concept after 2015,the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship education has been fully elevated to the national strategic level.How to carry out the innovation and entrepreneurship education effectively in colleges and universities is not only related to the success or failure of the comprehensive reform of higher education in the new period,but also to the growth and future of millions of college students.Shandong province is an early province that carries out systematic innovation and entrepreneurship education for the students in colleges and universities in the country.With the support of the provincial government,a number of college-sponsored,government funds supported innovation and entrepreneurship institutes flourished and yielded great results in Shandong colleges and universities,achieving very good effect.This research is mainly based on the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in Shandong province as the object of study,the existing problems as the orientation,to sort the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Shandong province by means of questionnaire surveys,online surveys and interviews,so as to summarize the experiences and lessons,propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions and further promote the healthy development of the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.In 2016,Shandong Provincial People's Government clearly put forward in the "Opinions on the implementation of General Office of the State Council Document No.36 to comprehensively deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities" that,the development goal in the next period is that Shandong province shall take the initiative to adapt to economic development new normal,accelerate the cultivation of large scale innovation and entrepreneurial talent team full of innovative spirit and the courage to devote to the practice,so as to provide strong human resources support for the construction of economic and cultural province.Strive to basically form a scientifically advanced,widely recognized and Shandong characteristic innovation and entrepreneurship education system of colleges and universities that is walking in the forefront of the country by 2020.This study is conducted mainly from the following aspects:Firstly,from the perspective of epistemology and practice theory of Marxist philosophy,re-interpretation is conducted on the innovation and entrepreneurship education of colleges and universities,putting forward that innovation is the original driving force of entrepreneurship,and entrepreneurial activity is the only way to test the innovation and entrepreneurship education.To achieve the "Unity of knowledge and practice" in the innovation and entrepreneurship education,it is necessary to integrate the theoretical understanding and practical activities organically and make them complement each other,so as to better accomplish the innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students.On the basis of this understanding,the connotation of innovation and entrepreneurship education includes three levels:(1)Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a comprehensive application subject;(2)Innovation and entrepreneurship education is quality education;(3)Innovation and entrepreneurship education is the "Unity of knowledge and practice",with the two complementing each other.Secondly,this paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of national policy on the innovation and entrepreneurship education.Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a national strategic planning,the policy orientation is the primary factor affecting the innovation and entrepreneurship education,and the vigorous national promotion and support is the prerequisite to carry out the innovation and entrepreneurship education.On the basis of the corresponding policy analysis introduced in Shandong province,this paper selects 14 colleges and universities in Shandong province to conduct online survey and interview,to obtain preliminary understanding of the development status of the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in Shandong province.Thirdly,taking the colleges and universities in Shandong province as an example,8 colleges and universities are selected to investigate the actual situation of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in Shandong province by means of questionnaire survey.It is found through the survey and study that:(1)In Shandong province,although the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities has made some achievements,in general it is still in its infancy.Therefore,the goal of the next step is the comprehensive launch,integrated promotion and striving to achieve full coverage;(2)Internal factors of innovation and entrepreneurship of college students in Shandong province(Influence of traditional education ideas and family factors)are greater than the educational factors.The college students in Shandong province are influenced relatively greatly by the external environment,and insufficient in their confidence to undertake the innovation and entrepreneurship risks.(3)Colleges and universities in Shandong province are actively conducting the basic capacity building of innovation and entrepreneurship,specifically in the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship base and incubation base,the institutionalization and standardization are yet to be further strengthened and enhanced;(4)Colleges and universities in Shandong province have not formed a complete innovation and entrepreneurship education system,the in-school education and practice environment are not attractive enough to the college students.The curriculum system construction and practice ability building still need to be improved and strengthened.The period of the 13 th Five-Year Plan is a good opportunity for the colleges and universities in Shandong province to carry out the innovation and entrepreneurship education.From the reality of Shandong province,the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in Shandong province should be strengthened from the guidance of the transformation of educational concepts,creation of a good innovation and entrepreneurial environment,strengthening of the steering function of school education and several other aspects,to enhance the innovation and entrepreneurial ability of college students and provide qualified talents for the regional economic development.Finally,according to the research and analysis of the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Shandong province,the strategies and approaches to promote the innovation and entrepreneurship education and practice development in the colleges and universities of our country are proposed combined with the success stories and experiences of the innovation and entrepreneurship education practices at home and abroad,i.e.,the views and suggestions on the four aspects including taking the initiative to deepen the reform of talent training mode,enhancing the basic capacity building,improving the education policy system and service system and full integration into the social macro environment of "Public entrepreneurship and innovation",etc.