A Research On Educational Administration Of China Northern Counties In The Late Qing Dynasty

It can be said our country's education has undergone quite a long and significant reform period.From the development of local education,government has always been the leading power of education.According to Huabei County's local chronicles concerning about county's educational administrative regulation,local primary education management had already been perfected.In Huabei Area,except for Tianjin Academy and Shuntian Academy which were close to the administrative center of Qing Dynasty and a few new western styled schools,both county's education and the operation of county's education followed the steps of the early and media time of Qing Dynasty.Thus,it is reasonable to study the county's education administrative operation of the late Qing Dynasty so as to have a better comprehension of the relatively developed and perfected feudal education administrative management system.This paper analyze Huabei local county's chronicles,the official letters approved the Emperor that are collected now in the First Historical Archives of China and etc.,this paper dedicates to explore more comprehensively and accurately the administrative operation of Huabei County's education from a macro and micro perspective.By further analyzing the pressure range which the Huabei County's education operated,the main operational body and the administrative staff of HuabeiCounty's education,it is hoped that this paper can make it clearer of the administrative operational system of the late Qing dynasty through the county's financial operation mechanism,county's education administrative supervision mechanism,county's academy and compulsory teaching management mechanism,and make an analysis and conclusion of the rules and characteristics of operation of county's education administrative powers.In terms of the county's educational administration of late Qing Dynasty,though educational administration work can't be handled fully by county officials due to the complexity of the county government and the lack of an independent institution foreducational administrative operation,from the point of management,all the regulations of the basic education management of late Qing Dynasty had gradually been perfected,and the education administration efficiency had been further improved thanks to the gradual perfection of the management method.Power is a coin with two sides and from the nature of education,the goal of the operation of county's education administration of late Qing Dynasty had diverged from the nature of education,while at the same time the very nature of education is to enable education receivers to obtain knowledge,instead of taking exams successively,becoming famous,and cultivating some officials who was so submissive and seemingly so able to run the country and who also ruled the people,propagandized etiquette,controlled people's thoughts and lives.It is easy to form an open environment,but it is not that easy to gain an open attitude.The education reform of Huabei County of late Qing Dynasty was gradually realized and it was a process,with the openness of society,thoughts,economy and politics.Though the education administrative operation of late Qing Dynasty had its own shortcoming of closeness,there are still some merits of the gradually perfected education management regulations worthy of our learning.