Spatial Differentiation And Spatial Model Of Human Development In China

With the rapid development of China's economy since the implementation of the reform and opening up,the development gap between regions has become more and more large,and regional conflicts have become more and more serious."China's 13th Five-Year" period as the decisive stage of completing the process of building a moderately well-off society in all aspects,promoting regional coordinated development and narrowing the gap is still priority in the work.Therefore,how to accurately describe and measure the regional disparity and its changes has always been the focus of domestic and foreign scholars and government managers.In terms of the measurement index of China's regional disparity,most researchers started their research from a view of single GDP.However,practice has proved that many countries and regions have achieved the overall goal of economic development,but the real life of the majority of people in the region has not changed,and the development gap between regions has not narrowed.In these regions and countries,the benefits brought by the rapid growth of GDP have not benefited all groups and sectors of society,and there are still a lot of people living in poverty.All these show that the per capita GDP as a measure of human development level is far from being able to reflect the true face of human development,and not enough to measure the regional development gap.On the research methods of regional disparity in China,in the past academic researches,most scholars adopt traditional research methods,such as standard deviation,coefficient of variation,Gene coefficient,Theil index and other methods to research the regional development gap.These traditional research methods ignored the existence of spatial location factors,and only simple operated on the data,it was difficult to fully and truly reflect the change and mechanism of regional spatial disparity,with a strong subjectivity.The first law of geography says:"anything is relevant,and the near things are always more relevant than the things that are far away".Therefore,in the process of human development,there is a diffusion or polarized effect in regional units,which can affect the regional development more great than regional resource endowments,factor structure and other factors.This paper is in line with international researches,the regional development gap is mainly reflected by Universal Human Development Index of the United Nations in three dimensions.So according to the method of UNDP constructing HDI from the three dimensions of economic,medical and education,this paper based on the space perspective,uses ESDA and CSDA technology to accurately perspective the space imbalance existing between economic,medical and education in China regional.ESDA and CSDA technology as a new research method of economic geography,whether from the perspective of traditional measurement or to modeling equations,the biggest difference with the traditional regional research methods is that it introduces the spatial weight matrix from first to last,taking the spatial geographic factors into account,and not just a simple analysis of correlation of the data.It is beyond the power of the traditional method and model,reflects the three-dimensional thinking in economics,and makes the regional development gap more true and accurate.By using the ESDA technology to analyze the global spatial autocorrelation,the value between 2001 and 2015 are greater than zero.This shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the regions.Before 2008,the trend of Global Moran's I is rising;but after 2008,its value shows a downward trend.It indicates that the spatial heterogeneity between regions is increasing,the regional development gap is enlarging,and unlike the CV that the regional development gap is in a state of optimism that has been shrinking.For the Moran scatter plots and LISA maps,most of the provinces in our country are concentrated in the area of HH and LL,and the proportion of LL area is much larger than that of HH.Although there is a significant positive correlation between regions,but the low level of regions are together,which makes China's overall level of development relatively low.It has been difficult to achieve a breakthrough progress in regional development.From the location of the geographical distribution,the eastern region has a superior geographical location,coupled with the support of the national preferential policies,which make the eastern region has become the main concentration of the HH area.Due to traffic inconvenience,poor natural conditions and other factors,the western region has become the main concentration of the LL district.Under the influence of the trickle down effect,some provinces in the central region with the help of the eastern region's development opportunities,have become the economic hinterland of the eastern provinces and HL area with the development of regional human level.For the other part of the province,"the polarization effect" is greater than "trickle down effect",and the spatial heterogeneity,which enables the resources within the region to the eastern region,increases the development gap between the eastern regions and makes the regions become LH area.Among them,the most typical representative of the spatial heterogeneity is " Beijing Tianjin Hebei region",Beijing and Tianjin located in HH District,however Hebei Province located in the LH area under the "polarization effect".Overall,the level of regional human development from east to West shows a decreasing trend,the development gap between the East and the west is still very serious.In order to analyze the reasons of the regional development gap,this paper uses CSDA technology to build models of the economic index,education index and life index which are the dependent variables.Considering the reasons for the spatial dependence which can produce spatial positive correlation mainly from two aspects,on the one hand,it is the flow of spatial spillover effects——the effect of spatial elements on the surrounding area of the flow between the space boundary,on the other hand,it may come from the error caused by various measurement factors.So in this paper,spatial lag model and spatial error model are used to make regression.Through the regression of the economic index,it is found that the economic index is suitable to establish spatial lag model.The main reason for the positive correlation between the regions was caused by the spatial spillover effect.Based on the regression of the education index and life expectancy index,they are suitable to establish spatial error model.The spatial positive correlations between the regions are mainly caused by the errors which were caused by the practical influence boundary which is not consistent with the administrative boundary.Therefore,when we make the relevant regional development policies,we should take into account the relevant factors and formulate the most favorable regional development policy.At the end of this paper,based on the problems we analyzed from this paper in the regional coordinated development in China,we put forward some suggestions to promote the coordinated development,including the focus on economic development,breaking the administrative divisions,implementing the coordinated development policies and increasing financial support,developing the Midwest city group and fostering the competitive growth to leading the development of the surrounding region.We hope to promote the coordinated development of the region and complete the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.