Studies On Extraction,Isolation,Structure Characterization And Bioactivities Of The Polysaccharides From Zizyphus Jujube Cv. Jinchangzao

Zizyphus jujube has been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,with non-toxic side effects and multifunctional activites.Jujube has plentiful functional active materials,has a wide application prospect of development and utilization of jujube resources.This work was designed to investigate the polysaccharides characteristics and bioactivities of polymers purified from Zizyphus jujube cv.Jinchangzao.Details as follows:（1）Polysaccharides were extracted using hot water method.Two main fractions（JCS-1and JCS-2）were isolated using DEAE-52 ion-exchange chromatography.Their molecular weights were determined to be 71.75 and 357.39 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography（HPGPC）,respectively.JCS-1 was found to consist of galacturonic acid,galactose and arabinose in ratio of 39.04:1.26:1.39.JCS-2 mainly composed of mannose,rhamnose,galacturonic acid,galactose and arabinose in ratio of 2.07:1.77:19.87:1.16:1.65.Moreover,the results from in vitro immunological activities studies indicated that JCS-1 and JCS-2 could improve the phagocytosis activity of RAW264.7 cells and had effect on the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines（IL-1β,TNF-α）.In conclusion,the polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube cv.Jinchangzao were discovered to have immunological activity.（2）Two polysaccharides（JCS-1 and JCS-2）isolated from Zizyphus jujube cv.Jinchangzao,were used to produce sulfated derivatives by means of the chlorosulfonic acid–pyridine complex method.These sulfated derivatives possess different molecular weights and DS.Then analysis of the FT-IR of sulfated derivatives.The results showed that sulfated derivatives had a higher immunological activity compared to their native counterparts.The sulfated derivatives also have anti-complement activity and anti-coagulant activity.The DS of polysaccharides seemed to be closely related to their biological characteristics.Sulfated modification represents an effective method of enhancing the immunomodulatory,anti-complement and anti-coagulant activities of jujube polysaccharides.（3）Two homogenous biological macromolecules,designated as JJC1 and JJC2 were extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv.Jinchangzao.Their molecular weights were determined to be 56.03 and 112.11 kDa by HPGPC,respectively.Chemical and spectral analysis indicated that both JJC1 and JJC2 mainly consisted of lignin,along with carbohydrates（¹8%）,without protein and uronic acid.HPLC analysis showed that JJC1 mainly composed of man,rha,glc,gal,ara in molar ratio of 1.6:1.0:6.2:3.2:2.5。JJC2 composed of man,rha,glc composed of2.6:1.0:60.1.The physicochemical properties were detected by FT-IR,NMR,SEM.Both JJC1and JJC2 could stimulate the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes,and enhance phagocytosis and NO production of RAW264.7 cells.In addition,JJC2,but not JJC1 elicited an inhibitory effect on complement activation through the classical pathway(CH₅₀:2.73 mg/mL)as well as the alternative pathway(AP₅₀:2.99 mg/m L).No anticoagulant activity was found in both JJC1 and JJC2.These findings implied that water-soluble lignins were one of the bioactive components in Z.jujube,and further provided insights into the understanding of molecular basis for diverse medicinal and nutritional values of this fruit.Overall,the polysaccharides purified from Zizyphus jujube cv.Jinchangzao have good biological activities,which provided a basis for the development and application of the polysaccharides from jujube.